广西毛南族农村老年人社会支持现状及其影响因素

Present status and impact factors of social support for Maonan rural elderly in Guangxi

目的 调查广西毛南族农村老年人社会支持现状及其影响因素。方法 采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行横断面研究。结果 广西毛南族农村老年人的社会支持总分得分为(31.96±6.29)分、主观支持得分为(17.94±3.80)分,客观支持得分为(7.43±1.85)分、支持利用度得分为(6.59±2.46)分;社会支持较低者442人(53.71%),社会支持一般者355人(43.13%),社会支持较高者26人(3.16%);儿女、夫妻恋人、兄弟姐妹、其他人员及父母为社会支持的主要来源;不同年龄、教育程度、年人均收入在社会支持总分上有显著性差异(P<0.05);不同年龄、教育程度、年人均收入在主观、客观支持上有显著性差异(P<0.05);不同教育程度、年人均收入在社会支持利用度上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示年龄、性别、婚姻状态、教育程度、年人均收入显著影响广西毛南族农村老年人社会支持现状(均P<0.05)。结论 广西毛南族农村老年人社会支持得分处于一般、较低水平,且低于同地区汉族老年人群;年龄大、女性、未婚状态、低教育程度、低年人均收入等特征更严重影响毛南族农村老年人社会支持状态。

Objective To investigate the social support situation and impact factors for Maonan elderly in Guangxi rurual. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by social support revalued scale. Results The social support whole score was (31.96 ± 6.29), subjective support score was (17.94±3.80), objective support score was (7.43±1.85), social support utilization score was (6.59±2.46) in Guangxi Maonan rural elderly. 442 people (53.71%) had lower social support,335 people (43.13%) had general social support, 26 people (3.16%) had higer social support. Childern, couples, siblings, parents and others provided the major social support. Different age, education levels and annual per capita income elderly had significant differences in social support whole score, subjective suppor and objective support ( P <0.05). There were significant differences in social support among different education levels and annual per capita income ( P <0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, sex, marital status, education level and annual per capita income had been affecting the social support status for Maonan rural elderly who were in Guangxi. Conclusions The social support score keeps in general and lower level for Maonan rural elderly in Guangxi, and is lower than that of Han nationality in the same area.The characteristics of age, female, unmarried status, low education level and low annual per capita income have more serious influence on the social support state of Maonan rural elderly.