聚合物电解质在电池中的应用及其研究进展

Research progress on application of polymer electrolyte in batteries

聚合物电解质是由聚合物及其衍生物组成的电解质体系。与传统电池电解质相比,其具有安全性高、热稳定性好、电化学窗口宽等优点,被广泛应用于锂离子电池、金属空气电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池等。近年来,研究人员主要通过研究聚合物电解质的结构组成以提高其离子电导率,例如,在体系中使用阴离子体积较大的金属盐,通过多种方法(共混、共聚、交联、添加填料)将缺电子基团引入聚合物。此外,未来的研究方向还包括利用导电聚合物、改变聚合物电解质的孔隙结构、制备有机-无机复合材料等。本文介绍了聚合物电解质在电池特别是锂离子电池中的应用,综述了聚合物电解质的作用机理、分类、改性方法等方面的最新研究进展。

The polymer electrolyte is an electrolyte system composed of polymer and its derivatives.Compared with traditional battery electrolytes,it has advantages of high safety,good thermal stability,and wide electrochemical window and is widely used in lithium ion batteries,metal air batteries,fuel cells,and solar batteries.In recent years,researchers have started to explore the structure of polymer electrolytes by investigating how to increase ionic conductivity,including the use of metal salts with large anions in the system and by means of mixing,cross-linking and adding fillers to introduce electron-deficient groups into the polymer.Future research direction includes using conductive polymers,changing the pore structure of polymer electrolytes,organic-inorganic composites and other means.The application of polymer electrolytes in batteries,especially lithium-ion batteries was introduced in this article which summarized the latest research progress of polymer electrolytes in terms of mechanism of action,classification,and modification methods.