刑事附带环境民事公益诉讼的实践与反思

The Practice and Reflection for Criminal Incidental Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

刑事附带环境民事公益诉讼是新增的公益诉讼,司法实务界在环境犯罪案件中已开始积极推行此诉讼模式。对752件刑事附带环境民事公益诉讼进行了实证分析,发现案件呈现数量逐步增长、检察机关为主力军、生态修复为主要诉讼请求、民事判决影响刑事量刑、民事判决执行率高等特点。然作为新诉讼模式,其面临诉讼主体地位与职责定位不清、新型环境损害责任缺乏规范性、民刑交叉问题、法律依据不统一、诉前公告程序争议等困境。破解困境,首先要厘清诉讼主体的公益性定位,明确检察机关与行政机关的公益诉讼起诉人地位,明晰救济完整的社会公共利益的职责;然后优化案件裁判规则,强调法官的独立判断,合理区分与衔接民刑诉讼,构建法律依据的统一化适用。

Criminal incidental environmental civil public interest litigation is a new kind of public interest litigation.Judicial practice has begun to actively implement this litigation mode in environmental crime cases.Through the empirical analysis of 752 cases of criminal incidental environmental civil public interest litigation,it is found that the number of cases is increasing gradually,the procuratorial organ is the main force,the ecological restoration is the main claim,the civil judgment affects the criminal sentencing,and the implementation rate of civil judgment is high.However,as a new litigation mode,it is faced with such difficulties as unclear status and responsibility of litigation subject,lack of standardization of new environmental damage liability,cross-issue of civil litigation and criminal litigation,inconsistent legal basis,dispute of pre-litigation announcement procedure and so on.To solve the dilemma,we should clarify the public interest orientation of the litigation subject,and the status of prosecutors in public interest litigation of procuratorial organs and administrative organs,and stress the responsibility of relieving the complete social public interest;then optimize the rules of case adjudication,emphasize the independent judgement of judges,rationally distinguish civil litigation and criminal litigation,and construct the unified application of legal basis.