关于森林生态系统服务功能评价的思考

Consideration on the Evaluation of Forest Ecosystem Service Function

近几十年来,人们对于森林生态效益的重要性日益重视,并尝试对森林生态系统中不同的生态服务功能价值进行估算,然而由于生态服务功能的复杂性、难计量性以及实证困难性等特点,使得目前对于生态系统服务价值评价的方法仍然存在争议。本文首先介绍了森林生态系统的特征,并探讨了对于森林生态效益服务功能价值的评价方法。鉴于过去对于生态服务功能计量方法的不统一性以及各效益的关联性而导致评价过程中容易重复计算,我们认为将森林生态功能的价值量分为基本量、特质量和潜在量三部分。将基本量(森林水源涵养、保育土壤和固碳释氧等功能)用于测算森林生态效益价值的最低量更为合理,这样可以避免生态效益的重复计算和天文数字的出现,增强测定结果的科学性、可比性和可接受性。未来的研究可结合空间科学技术进行森林生态效益评价,并探讨用森林生态效益的评价结果来指导森林经营。

In recent decades,the importance of forest ecological benefits is receiving increasing attention,and a number of researches attempted to estimate the values of different ecological service functions in forest ecosystems.However,due to the complexity of ecosystem functions and services,external economy,its uncountable property as well as the characteristics of empirical difficulties,current methods for evaluating ecosystem service values still remain controversial.This paper introduced the characteristics of forest ecosystems,and discussed the classification of forest ecosystem ecoefficiency services in previous studies as well as the methods for quantifying the values of forest ecosystem services.In view of the inconsistency of the previous researches in measuring ecological services and the relevancy of various benefits leading to repeat calculations in the evaluation process,we propose that forest ecological service values can be divided into three parts:basic quantity,special quality,and potential quantity.It is more reasonable to use basic quantities(such as forest water conservation,conservation of soil,and carbon fixation and oxygen release)to measure the minimum amount of forest ecological benefit values.This avoids the duplication of eco-efficiency calculations and the appearance of astronomical numbers,and can enhance the scientificity,comparability and acceptability of evaluation results.Future research can combine spatial technics to evaluate forest ecological benefits,and use evaluation results of forest ecological benefits to guide forest management.