蜡蝉科(半翅目:头喙亚目)昆虫起源及分布格局研究

Origin and distribution pattern of family Fulgoridae (Hemiptera:Auchenorrhyncha)

【目的】探究蜡蝉科及其各亚科的分布格局与起源。【方法】根据世界动物地理分区,以搜集到的标本和权威文献记录为依据,建立蜡蝉科物种及地理分布数据库,采用Arc-GIS软件的地理信息处理功能对地理分布数据库进行运算,得到蜡蝉科物种地理分布图,用区系相似系数分析区域间物种的相似性。【结果】(1)蜡蝉科在新热带区分布的种类最多,达290种,其次是东洋区、非洲区和澳洲区,在新北区和古北区较少;(2)新热带区分布的属和特有属最多,非洲区次之,东洋区的特有属比例小于前2个大区,澳洲区分布属较少,但特有属比例很高,古北区分布的特有属明显较少,新北区无特有属分布;(3)新北区和新热带区蜡蝉科物种的相似系数为4.38,古北区与东洋区的相似系数为2.29,其他各区之间的相似系数都较低。蜡蝉科中Lyncidinae、Phenacinae、Poiocerinae和Strongylodematinae 4个亚科均起源于新世界;Aphaeninae、Xosopharinae和Zanninae 3个亚科起源于旧世界;Amyclinae、Dichopterinae、Enchophorinae和Fulgorinae 4个亚科可能分别起源于新世界和旧世界。【结论】各大区间蜡蝉科种类相似性系数高低与该科的地质演化历史密切相关。蜡蝉科可能起源于新世界和旧世界,起源时间可能在白垩纪早期,距今约135 Ma。

【Objective】This study investigated the distribution and origin of the family and all subfamilies in Fulgoridae.【Method】The database of species and geographical distribution of Fulgoridae were established base on specimens and authoritative literature records.Geographical information processing function of the Arc-GIS software was used to calculate the geographic distribution database and obtain the geographical distribution map of Fulgoridae.The formula of similarity was also used for analysis.【Result】(1)The highest number of 290 fulgorid species was found in the Neotropical region,followed by the Oriental,African and Australian regions,while less species were found in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions.(2)More and endemic genera of the subfamily distributed in the Neotropical region,followed by the Ethiopian region.The proportion of endemic and distributed genera in the Oriental region was less than the previous regions.The Australian region had less genera,but higher proportion of endemic genera.There were less endemic and distributed genera in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions,while there was no endemic genus in the Nearctic region.(3)The similarity coefficient was 4.38 between the Neotropical and Nearctic regions and 2.29 between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions,while it was much lower between other regions.The subfamilies Lyncidinae,Phenacinae,Poiocerinae and Strongylodematinae originated from the New World,Aphaeninae,Xosopharinae and Zanninae originated from the Old World,and Amyclinae,Dichopterinae,Enchophorinae and Fulgorinae originated from both the New World and Old World.【Conclusion】The similarity coefficients between major regions were closely related to the geological evolution history of Fulgoridae.The subfamily Fulgoridae may originate from the New World and Old World nearly 135 Ma ago.