技术因素影响产学研合作创新意愿的演化博弈研究

Study on the evolutionary game of the effect of technology on the innovation willingness of production and research cooperation

将产学研合作过程中的技术成熟度和技术创新度纳入产学研合作收益的影响因素中。构建基于技术成熟度和技术创新度的产学研合作创新博弈支付矩阵,通过演化博弈方法求得产学研合作创新时的均衡解,并通过数值与案例分析探索了技术成熟度和技术创新度的不同变化对产学研合作创新意愿的影响。研究表明:技术创新度一定时,技术成熟度越低,企业与学研方的合作创新意愿越高;技术成熟度一定时,产学研合作创新意愿随技术创新度的提高先升后降;当技术成熟度和技术创新度同时变化时,产学研合作创新意愿随着两种技术因素的不同变化情况呈现不同的变化特点。

Scientific and technological innovation is the internal driving force of economic transformation under the new norm.Innovation-driven development has become a major strategic move in China.However,it is difficult for a single enterprise to make major breakthroughs in technological innovation by relying on its own strength.Enterprises seek to cooperate with universities or scientific research institutions to carry out technological innovation.The factors influencing innovation via industry-university-research cooperation are more complicated.It is of practical significance to clarify the main influential factors and their influencing mechanisms.Previous scholars primarily studied the impact of research and development costs,benefits,as well as government incentives and punishments on innovation via industry-university-research cooperation.However,few existing studies deeply considered the influence of technical factors on the willingness of enterprises,universities,and research institutions to cooperate.However,these factors are the key to the cooperation between these three bodies.Therefore,on the basis of relevant research,this paper introduces technical factors as influential factors in co-operation among enterprises,universities,and research institutions,subdivided into technological maturity and technological innovation.Technological maturity is a measure of the degree of maturity of a technology's current research and development;the higher the technological maturity,the more difficult it is for enterprises and universities to innovate on this technology.Technological innovation measures the degree of innovation after the research and development of a technology;the higher the technological innovation,the more room there is for companies and universities to innovate on this technology.At the same time,the technical basis of cooperation among enterprises,universities,and research institutions and the technological innovation ability of the innovation subject are considered.The evolutionary game payment matrix of enterprises and academics is constructed.The effects of technological maturity and technological innovation on innovation revenue and cost are considered.The evolutionary equilibrium solution of cooperative games between the two parties is obtained,and the impact of various changes in technological maturity and technological innovation on the willingness to cooperate in production,education,and research is studied by simulation and case analysis.The research shows that:(1)When the degree of technological innovation is certain,the lower the technological maturity,the greater the willingness of enterprises,universities,and research institutions to cooperate and innovate.Therefore,the selection of projects with relatively low technological maturity for collaborative R&D is more conducive to the mutual profitability of enterprises and institutes of education and research.(2)When technological maturity is certain,the willingness of enterprises,universities,and research institutions to cooperate in innovation will rise and fall with the improvement of technological innovation.Therefore,enterprises and institutes of education and research should invest in innovative elements in an intensive manner,as it is not as worthwhile to attempt to increase the return of innovation by blindly expanding investment.(3)When the degree of technological maturity and technological innovation change proportionally,the willingness of enterprises,universities,and research institutions to cooperate in innovation will rise and fall with the improvement of of technological maturity and technological innovation.Therefore,for technology R&D projects with high technological maturity and technological innovation,government intervention is often required;as an example,the Chinese government supports the innovation of production,education,and research through the implementation of plan“863”and the“Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Plan”,to promote the willingness to cooperate and innovate between enterprises and institutions of education and research.(4)When the degree of technological maturity and technological innovation change in inverse proportions,the willingness of enterprises,universities,and research institutions to cooperate will exhibits different features of change with the inverse changes in the two technical factors.Therefore,enterprises and institutes of education and research in the technical field with low technological maturity are inclined to choose partners with higher technological innovation capabilities,as it is easier to achieve cooperative innovation.In addition,the government should adopt different support methods and advantages according to the relationship between the two technical factors.When technological maturity is high and technological innovation is low,providing a large amount of financial support is more conducive to stimulating production,education,research;when technological maturity is low and technological innovation is high,the focus should be on creating a good collaborative innovation environment to minimize and avoid direct financial support.