分子辅助育种在抗赤霉病种质创新中的应用

Application of Molecular Assisted Breeding in Germplasm Innovation Against Fusarium Head Blight

近年来,赤霉病已经蔓延到北美洲及欧洲大部分地区,成为一种世界性的小麦病害。在我国长江中下游、华南冬麦区及东北春麦区小麦赤霉病危害严重。为促进小麦赤霉病抗性育种,以感赤霉病小麦品种龙麦33为受体亲本(轮回亲本),以抗赤霉病小麦品种克春5号为供体亲本,利用与赤霉病紧密连锁的SSR分子标记Xgwm533、Xgwm493进行辅助选择,结合田间选择法构建70份回交导入系群体,在不同生态环境条件下鉴定其赤霉病抗性。结果表明:通过单花滴注注射法接种,在70份回交导入系材料中筛选出了赤霉病抗性水平达到中抗以上的材料2份。回交导入系在黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院试验地环境下自然发病较重,其次为九三管局科研所环境,内蒙古拉布大林农场环境下发病较轻,主要影响因素为小麦开花期6月的降水量和平均温度。

In recent years,scab has spread to most of North America and Europe and become a worldwide wheat disease.In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river in China,the winter wheat area in south China and the spring wheat area in northeast China,the damage of wheat scab is serious.In order to promote the heavy resistance breeding of wheat,for feeling wheat varieties Longmai33 receptor parent(recurrent parent),to resist the wheat varieties Kechun No.5 as the donor parent,using chain of SSR molecular markers closely with heavy Xgwm533,Xgwm493 auxiliary selection,combining with the field selection method to build 70 backcross introgression lines colony,and their resistance to scab was identified under different ecological conditions.The results showed that through single floret injection inoculation,two of the 70 backcross introgression lines materials with medium resistance to scab were screened out.The backcross introgression lines was more severe in the experimental site of Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,followed by the environment of the scientific research institute of Jiusan administration bureau,and less severe in the environment of Labudalin farm in Inner Mongolia.The main influencing factors were precipitation and average temperature in June during the flowering period of wheat.