鄂州市大气VOCs污染特征及来源解析

Analysis of Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Atmospheric VOCs in Ezhou City

2018年3月~2019年2月,在鄂州市主城区采用在线气相色谱仪对102种大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)定量检测,对比分析了VOCs组成、季节变化特征和日变化规律,并利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)估算了VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP).结果表明,鄂州大气VOCs年均体积分数为(30.78±15.89)×10^-9,总体表现为冬季高夏季低,具体表现为烷烃>含氧化合物>卤代烃>烯烃>芳香烃>炔烃.日变化规律表现为夜晚体积分数高于白天,且总体上呈"双峰"分布,芳香烃、卤代烃和OVOCs在00:00至02:00出现"第三峰".对VOCs臭氧生成潜势(OFP)贡献较大的是芳香烃和烯烃,贡献率分别为35.45%和29.5%,其中对OFP贡献率最高的物种为乙烯,达到24.217%.分析VOCs特征物种,发现机动车尾气和溶剂使用是鄂州VOCs的主要来源,其中机动车排放是最主要来源,控制鄂州机动车排放有助于削减大气VOCs活性较大的组分,从而减少臭氧的生成.

From March 2018 to February 2019, quantitative detection was made of 102 kinds of atmospheric volatile organic compounds(VOCs) using online gas chromatography in Ezhou City. We compared and analyzed the composition, seasonal variation, and diurnal variation of VOCs. Using maximum incremental reactivity(MIR), we estimated the ozone generation potential(OFP) of VOCs. The results show that the annual average volume fraction of atmospheric VOCs in Ezhou is(30.78±15.89)×10^-9, and is overall higher in winter than summer, represented by alkane>oxygen>halogenated hydrocarbon>olefin>aromatic hydrocarbon>alkyne. The night volume fraction is higher than in the daytime, and overall the distribution is "double peak". The aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and OVOCs appear as a "third peak" at 00:00-02:00. Aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins contribute more to the OFP potential of VOCs, with contribution rates of 35.45% and 29.5%, respectively. The highest contribution rate to OFP is ethylene, reaching 24.217%. Analysis of VOC characteristic species found that vehicle exhaust fumes and solvent volatilization are the main sources of VOCs in Ezhou. Of these, motor vehicle emissions are the most important source. Controlling Ezhou’s motor vehicle emissions helps to reduce the composition of atmospheric VOCs, thereby reducing ozone production.