司法鉴定管理体制改革与完善——以侦查机关内设鉴定机构为视角

On the Reform and Improvement of the Forensic Appraisal Management System-From the Perspective of the Appraisal Agency Inside the Investigation Organs

司法鉴定管理体制尚不健全,一定程度上影响了司法体制的深化改革,且不能完全适应党的十八届四中全会《关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》提出的"健全统一司法鉴定管理体制"新要求。具体而言,司法鉴定管理体制,特别是侦查机关内设鉴定机构在准入门槛、程序实施及标准适用方面仍有待完善。短期之内,可通过细化准入细则、严格准入程序把控"入口";通过制定科学的标准适用规则严抓"过程",以期改善侦查机关内设鉴定机构现状。长远来看,实现"自侦自鉴"制度向"侦鉴分离"制度的改革,更有利于司法鉴定管理体制的健全统一,具体可尝试独立侦查机关内设鉴定机构或者侦查机关内设鉴定机构与高校合并等方式。

The appraisal management system is far from perfect,which affects the deepening reform of the judicial system to some extent,and cannot fully adapt to the new requirements of“improving the unified judicial appraisal management system”proposed by the Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Promoting the Rule of Law at the fourth plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee.To be specific,the forensic appraisal management system,especially the appraisal institutions established in the investigation organs,still needs to be improved in terms of access threshold,procedure implementation and standard application.In this regard,in a short period of time,the“entrance”can be controlled through detailed access rules and strict access procedures;and through the formulation of scientific standards and rules of application to strictly grasp the“process”in order to improve the status quo of the internal appraisal agencies of the investigation organs.In the long run,the transform from the system of“self-investigation and self-apprising”to the system of“separation of investigation and self-appraisal”is more conducive to the sound and unified forensic appraisal management system.In particular,we can try to set up independent appraisal institutions within investigation organs or merge them with universities.