适应机械化收获的糖料蔗新品种种植行距及方式选择

Planting Distance and Method of Adaptive MechanizedHarvesting for New Sugarcane Varieties

【目的】分析在120 cm行距条件下人工和机械化种植糖料蔗新品种的农艺性状和产量效益状况,为选择比新台糖22号更适应120 cm种植行距和机械化种植方式的糖料蔗新品种提供参考依据。【方法】以糖料蔗新品种桂糖49、福农41、桂柳05/136及来宾市主栽品种新台糖22号为研究对象,开展种植行距(方式)[A0为100 cm行距人工种植(对照,CK)处理,A1为120 cm行距人工种植处理,AM为120 cm行距机械化种植处理]和品种随机区组试验,测定分析在不同行距下人工和机械化种植各品种糖料蔗的农艺性状和产量表现。【结果】在农艺性状方面,除桂糖49外,各品种AM处理的出苗率均显著低于A0和A1处理(P<0.05,下同),分蘖率优于A0和A1处理(福农41除外);各品种A0处理的螟虫为害节率总体上高于A1和AM处理(桂柳05/136的A1处理除外),生长速度和株高均小于A1和AM处理,有效株数均显著多于A1和AM处理;桂柳05/136 A1和AM处理的茎径显著大于A0处理。在光合作用指标方面,叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)总体表现为A1和AM处理>A0处理。在理论产蔗量方面,除桂柳05/136的A1处理A1处理>AM处理,其中A0处理与A1和AM处理差异显著,A1与AM处理间差异不显著(P>0.05,下同)。在蔗糖分含量方面,除桂糖49的A1处理>A0处理>AM处理外,其他品种的A1和AM处理>A0处理,其中新台糖22号和福农41的A1和AM处理与A0处理间差异显著。在理论产糖量方面,福农41的A0与AM处理间差异显著外,其他品种的A0、A1和AM处理间均无显著差异;AM处理的理论产糖量表现为桂柳05/136>福农41>新台糖22号>桂糖49,其中桂柳05/136的理论产糖量与新台糖22号和桂糖49差异更明显。【结论】120 cm行距机械化种植桂柳05/136的理论产蔗量、蔗糖分和理论产糖量均明显高于新台糖22号,因此桂柳05/136是比新台糖22号更适应120 cm行距机械化种植的甘蔗性品种。

【Objective】This paper analyzed the agronomic characters and yield benefits of the new sugarcane varieties planted by hand and mechanization under the condition of 120 cm planting row spacing,and provided a reference for the selection of the new sugarcane varieties more suitable for 120 cm planting row spacing and mechanized planting mode than Xintaitang 22(CK).【Method】Taking the new sugarcane varieties Guitang 49,Funong 41,Guiliu 05/136 and Laibin city's main cultivar Xintaitang 22 as the research objects,the planting row spacing(method)[A 0 was 100 cm row spacing artificial planting(CK),A 1 was 120 cm row spacing artificial planting,A M was 120 cm row spacing mechanized planting treatment]and so did sugarcane varieties randomized block test,to determine and analyze the agronomic characteristics and yield of sugarcane varieties under different row spacing.【Result】In terms of agronomic characters,the emergence rate of A M treatment(except for Guitang 49)was significantly lower than that of A 0 and A M treatment(P<0.05,the same as below),and A M treatment was better than A 0 and A 1 treatments in tillering rate.The damage rate of moth in A 0 treatment was higher than that of A 1 and A M treatment(except for A 1 treatment of Guiliu 05/136),and the growth rate of A 0 treatment was lower than that of A 1 and A M treatment,the effective number of plants in A 0 treatment was significantly higher than that in A 1 and A M treatment,the plant height in A 0 treatment was the lowest,and the stem diameter in Guiliu 05/136 A 1 and A M treatment was significantly larger than that in A 0 treatment.In terms of photosynthesis index,the total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate were A 1 and A M>A 0.In the aspect of theoretical sugarcane yield,except for treatment A 1 of Guiliu 05/136<A M,other varieties showed treatment A 0>treatment A 1>treatment A M,among which treatment A 0 was significantly different from treat-ment A 1 and treatment A M,while treatment A 1 was not significantly different from treatment A M(P>0.05,the same as below).In the aspect of theoretical sugarcane yield,except for treatment A 1 of Guiliu 05/136<A M,other varieties showed treatment A 0>treatment A 1>treatment A M,among which treatment A 0 was significantly different from treatment A 1 and treatment A M,while treatment A 1 was not significantly different from treatment A M.In the aspect of sucrose content,except for the treatment of A 1>A 0 of Guitang 49,the treatment of A 1 and A M of other varieties>A 0,among which the treatment of A 1 and A M of Xintaitang 22 and Funong 41 was significantly different from that of A 0.In terms of theoretical sugar yield,there was no significant difference between the A 1 and A M treatments of Funong 41,but there was no signifi-cant difference between the A 0,A 1 and A M treatments of other varieties.The theoretical sugar yield of A M treatments was Guiliu 05/136>Funong 41>Xintaitang 22>Guitang 49,among which Guiliu 05/136 and Xintaitang 22 were significantly different.【Conclusion】Mecha-nized planted Guiliu 05/136 under 120 cm treatment has higher theoretical yield,sucrose content and theoretical sugar yield than Xintaitang 22.Therefore,Guiliu 05/136 is more suitable for 120 cm row spacing mechanized planting than Xintaitang 22.