“一带一路”倡议下互惠原则在中国承认与执行外国判决领域的适用

The Application of the Principle of Reciprocity in the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in China

中国承认与执行外国判决的依据包括国际条约和互惠原则。由于中国尚未批准《选择法院协议公约》和《承认与执行外国民商事判决公约》且与"一带一路"国家签订的双边司法协助条约数量较少,互惠原则在外国判决承认与执行领域的适用尤为重要。然而,中国国内法仅规定互惠原则是承认与执行外国判决的依据,并未涉及互惠原则适用的具体内容。在"一带一路"倡议下,建议明确互惠原则的内涵及适用目的、互惠原则的适用标准和证明责任分配,且适当扩大互惠原则适用的例外情形,提高承认与执行外国判决的效率,保证"一带一路"倡议下互惠原则在中国承认与执行外国判决领域的顺利适用。

China's recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are based on international treaties and the principle of reciprocity.Since China has not yet ratified Convention on Choice of Court Agreement and Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Civil and Commercial Judgments,and has few bilateral judicial assistance treaties signed with countries within the framework of the"Belt and Road Initiative",the application of the principle of reciprocity in the field of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is particularly important.However,China's domestic law only stipulates that the principle of reciprocity is the basis for recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments,without involving the specific content of the application of the principle of reciprocity.By the Belt and Road Initiative,it is suggested that its meaning and purpose,its application standard and the distribution of burden of proof should be clarified by Chinese law.The exceptions of its application should be appropriately expanded so as to improve the efficiency of the recognition and enforcement and ensure the smooth progress of its application in the field of recognition and enforcement in China under the advocacy of the Initiative.