乒乓球运动员主要进攻技术膝关节负荷特征研究

Knee Joint Load Characteristics of Table Tennis Players’ Main Offensive Techniques

目的:了解乒乓球运动员在完成3种主要进攻技术动作过程中膝关节的生物力学负荷特征。方法:运用三维运动学影像、逆动力学计算等方法,对男、女各10名国家乒乓球队运动员在完成3种主要进攻动作过程中下肢运动学、动力学特征进行分析。结果:运动员在完成正手攻球技术动作时都表现出更小的膝关节屈角(P<0.05),在完成反手拉弧圈技术动作时表现出更小的膝关节内旋角(P<0.05);膝关节受到垂直方向的力最大,所受力矩方面也以伸膝力矩为主。与女运动员相比,男运动员在完成3种技术动作时表现出更大的膝关节外展角(P<0.05)、更大的膝关节屈角(P<0.05)、更大的向前方向力(P<0.05);男运动员在完成反手拉弧圈球技术时,受到左右方向的力较另两种技术更小(P<0.05),而女运动员无显著差异。结论:完成3种进攻技术动作时,男运动员膝关节的屈角较女运动员更大,正手攻球动作的膝关节屈角较另两种技术更小。乒乓球运动员膝关节负荷主要源于垂直方向的力与伸膝力矩。与女运动员相比,完成3种进攻技术动作时男运动员的膝关节负荷更大。男运动员在完成反手拉弧圈球技术动作时,膝关节损伤风险较另两种技术更小,而女运动员在完成3种技术动作时的膝关节损伤风险相近。

Purpose:To understand the biomechanical load characteristics of knee joint of table tennis players in the process of completing three main offensive techniques.Methods:Using three-dimensional kinematic images and inverse dynamics calculation,the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of lower limbs of 10 male and 10 female national table tennis players in the process of completing the three main offensive techniques were analyzed.Results:The players showed a smaller knee joint flexion angle when they completed the forehand stroke technique(P<0.05),and a smaller knee joint internal rotation angle when they completed the backhand pull loop technique(P<0.05).The knee joint receives the largest force in the vertical direction,and the knee extension moment is also the main moment.Compared with female athletes,male athletes showed greater knee abduction angle(P<0.05),greater knee flexion angle(P<0.05) and greater forward force(P<0.05) when completing the three techniques.When the male athletes completed the backhand pull loop,they received less left and right forces than the other two techniques(P<0.05),while the female athletes had no significant difference.Conclusion:The knee joint flexion angle of the male players was larger than that of the female players when the three offensive techniques were completed,and the knee joint angle of the forehand stroke was smaller than that of the other two.The knee joint load of table tennis players is mainly from the vertical direction of the force and knee extension moment.Compared with female athletes,male athletes had more load on their knees when they completed the three offensive techniques.In addition,the risk of knee injury was lower when male athletes completed the backhand pull loop than the other two techniques,while the risk of knee injury was similar when female athletes completed the three techniques.