太湖南岸桑基鱼塘投入产出效率的跨时期分析

Intertemporal Analysis on Input-Out put Efficiency of the Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond by the South Bank of Taihu Lake

近年来,位于太湖南岸的全球重要农业文化遗产湖州桑基鱼塘系统退化与萎缩严重,面临被单一规模化水产养殖替代的危险。广大农户持续性参与是实现农业文化遗产可持续发展的关键,而在商品经济条件下农户主要依据经济效益标准来选择农业生产方式,因此探明不同时期桑基鱼塘的投入产出效率及变化是开展农业文化遗产保护的基础。依据明清时期的有关历史文献和当代的农户问卷调查,对太湖南岸桑基鱼塘的投入产出效率进行跨时期分析,并与同时期相关农业生产方式进行成本收益关系比较。研究发现,明清时期被农户普遍采用的桑基鱼塘与当代被农户普遍采用的规模化养殖鲈鱼在收益成本比上十分接近;而当代桑基鱼塘新型模式的收益成本比虽然最高,但循环利用价值相对于投入成本的占比却最低,需加强系统内部各生产之间的相互联系,才能真正实现农业文化遗产的动态保护与现代传承。

As one of the globally important agricultural heritage systems(GIAHS),Huzhou Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond System by the south bank of Taihu Lake is undergoing severe degradation and shrink,and facing the risk of being replaced by large-scale specialized aquaculture in the past few years.Constant involvement of farmers is the key to the sustainable development of agricultural heritage systems.However,farmers mainly choose agricultural production mode according to economic benefits in commodity society.Therefore,analysis on input-output efficiency of Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond System and its change over different periods are the basis for the protection of agricultural heritage.Based on relevant historical documents during Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty and questionnaires from farmers of the day,inter-temporal input-output efficiency of Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond System by the south bank of Taihu Lake was analyzed in this study,and was compared with other related contemporaneous agricultural production modes in terms of benefit-cost ratio(BCR).The result showed that BCR of Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond widely adopted during Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty is very close to that of large-scale bass farming widely adopted nowadays.Despite of higher BCR of present new-mode Mulberry-Dyke and Fish-Pond,ratio of recycling value to input cost is the lowest.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the interconnection between production processes within the system to realize dynamic protection and modernized inheritance of agricultural heritage systems.