刑事案件结构视阈下的类案裁判研究——以指导性案例4号、12号为例

A Study on the Judgment of Criminal Cases from the Perspective of the Structure of Criminal Case——Take Guiding Cases No.4 and No.12 as Examples

最高人民法院实施案例指导制度以来,“同案同判”一直是司法改革的重要内容。立足于案例指导制度设定的“同案同判”这一裁判价值目标,结合刑事案件结构理论,对类案裁判理念进行解析,可以明确类案的判断标准除了涉及案件法律结构的形式判断,还涉及案件社会结构的实质判断;“类案类判”“类案异判”在刑事案件结构理论之下均可得到合理的解释,有存在的必然性。只有在案件结构理论基础上对案例指导制度加以完善,注重案件裁判的法律效果与社会效果的统一,才能真正实现司法裁判的统一。

Since the Supreme People′s Court implemented the cases guiding system,"the same case and the same sentence"has been an important part of the judicial reform.Based on the judgment value of"same case and same judgment"set by the cases guiding system and combining with the theory of the structure of criminal case,this paper analyzes the judgment concept of category cases,and makes it clear that the judgment standard of category cases involves not only the formal judgment of legal structure of cases,but also the substantial judgment of social structure of cases.Under the theory of the structure of criminal case,both"similar cases with similar judgments"and"similar cases with different judgments"can be reasonably explained and have their inevitability.Only on the basis of this theory can the cases guiding system be perfected and the unification of legal effect and social effect of case judgment be realized so that the unification of judicial adjudication can be achieved.