鲁西北地区夏玉米/大豆间作适宜模式分析

Analysis on Suitable Model of Summer Maize/Soybean Intercropping in Northwest Shandong Province

为探索鲁西北地区最适宜的夏玉米/大豆间作模式,选用豫单9953玉米和齐黄34大豆为材料进行大田试验,以玉米单作和大豆单作模式作为对照,设置夏玉米/大豆6种行比间作模式(2∶4、2∶6、2∶8、3∶4、3∶6、3∶8),分析比较不同间作模式对夏玉米、大豆生物学性状、产量及综合经济效益的影响。结果表明:间作下玉米秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、单穗粒重均显著优于单作玉米,具有一定正间作效应;大豆株高、底荚高度、分枝数、节数、有效荚数、单株粒数均比单作大豆低,具有一定负间作效应。2∶4、3∶4、3∶6、2∶6、3∶8和2∶8间作模式下土地当量比分别为1.32、1.28、1.21、1.18、1.14和1.11,增产效益明显,均具有间作优势,尤其2∶4间作模式增产优势最大,相比玉米单作增收值达到4 879.28元·hm-2。综合考虑不同间作模式的经济效益及小型机械操作,2∶4间作模式较适宜在鲁西北地区推广应用。

In order to explore the most suitable intercropping mode of summer maize/soybean in northwest Shandong, Yudan 9953 and Qihuang 34 were selected as materials for field experiment monoculture maize and monoculture soybean were treated as controls,six intercropping patterns such as the ratios of 2∶4, 2∶6, 2∶8, 3∶4, 3∶6 and 3∶8 for maize intercropping soybean were applied to study their effects on biological characters, yield and comprehensive economic benefit of summer maize and soybean.The results showed that the length of bald tip, the number of panicle rows, the number of grain rows and the weight of grain per panicle were significantly better than that of single maize under intercropping, which had positive intercropping effect. The plant height, pod height, branching, node number, effective pod number and seed number per plant of soybean were weaker than single soybean, which had negative intercropping effect.The land equivalent ratio were 1.32, 1.28, 1.21, 1.18, 1.14 and 1.11 in the 2∶4,3∶4,3∶6,2∶6,3∶8 and 2∶8 intercropping patterns respectively, and the yield-increasing benefit were obvious, especially in the 2∶4 intercropping pattern, the yield-increasing value was 4 879.28 yuan·ha-1 compared with the monoculture maize. Considering the economic benefit and small mechanical operation of different intercropping modes, the 2∶4 intercropping mode is more suitable for spreading and application in the northwest of Shandong.