我国部分地区送检样品3种常见猪病血清学和病原学检测

Serological and Pathogenic Detection of Three Common Swine Diseases in Some Regions of China

为了解我国部分地区猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪伪狂犬病3种常见疫病的流行情况,采用ELISA、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和反转录PCR(RT-PCR)等方法,对2019年11个省(自治区)172个猪场送检的3550份猪血清样品进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)及伪狂犬病野毒(PRV-gE)抗体检测,对9个省(自治区)72个猪场送检的371份病料进行抗原检测。结果显示:CSFV、PRRSV、PRV-gE抗体阳性率分别为82.75%、84.08%、31.86%,抗原阳性率分别为2.62%、26.15%、1.67%。保育猪群CSFV抗体平均阻断率最低,为44.62%,抗体整齐度差,CV为58.26%,且CSFV抗原主要在哺乳仔猪和保育猪病料中被检出,检出率分别为3.57%、3.00%;除育肥猪群外,其他各阶段猪群的PRRSV抗体S/P平均值为1.0~2.0,抗体整齐度整体较差,且平均抗原阳性率较高(26.15%),其中保育阶段猪群病原检出率最高(37.68%);育肥猪、母猪、公猪的PRV-gE抗体阳性率分别为36.82%、35.31%、15.65%,病原主要从死胎/木乃伊胎和哺乳仔猪病料中被检出,检出率分别为8.70%和2.99%。结果表明,PRRSV对我国猪场不同阶段猪群均有较大威胁;保育猪群CSFV抗体水平不理想,暴发疫情风险较高;公猪、母猪及育肥猪群普遍存在PRV感染,尤其是母猪。提议各猪场采取免疫、监测、净化等综合措施,加强这3类常见猪群疫病的防控。

In order to identify the prevalence status of three common swine diseases including classical swine fever(CSF),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS)and porcine pseudorabies(PR)in some regions of China,by the methods of ELISA,PCR and RT-PCR,3550 swine serum samples delivered by 172 farms in 11 provinces(autonomous regions)in 2019 were tested for the antibodies against CSFV,PRRSV and PRV-gE,and 371 lesion samples from 72 farms in 9 provinces(autonomous regions)were detected for virus antigens.The results showed that the antibody positive rates of CSFV,PRRSV and PRV-gE were 82.75%,84.08%and 31.86%respectively,and the antigen positive rates were 2.62%,26.15%and 1.67%respectively.The average blocking rate of CSFV antibody in nursery pigs was 44.62%,which was the lowest with poor antibody uniformity,and the CV value was 58.26%,CSFV was mainly detected from the lesions of suckling piglets and nursery pigs,with the detection rates of 3.57%and 3.00%respectively.Except for fattening pigs,the mean S/P value of PRRSV antibody was 1.0 to 2.0 for other pigs,with poor antibody uniformity,and the average positive rate of PRRSV antigen was higher(26.15%),in which,the detection rate of PRRSV antigen in nursery pigs was the highest(37.68%).The positive rates of PRV-gE antibody in fattening pigs,sows and boars were 36.82%,35.31%and 15.65%respectively,and the virus pathogens were mainly detected out in stillborn/mummy fetuses and lesions of suckling piglets,with the positive rates of 8.70%and 2.99%respectively.It was concluded that PRRSV had brought great threat to pig populations at different growth stages in China;the nursery pigs antibody level of CSFV was poor with high risk of outbreak;boars,sows and fattening pigs had been widely infected with PRV,especially sows.Therefore,a series of comprehensive measures including immunization,monitoring and purification and so on should be applied in all farms,so as to strengthen the prevention and control of these common diseases.