16世纪末韩国易学的“程朱抉择”

The Choice of Cheng Yi or Zhu Xi of Korea Yijing Studies in the End of the 16th Century

《程传》《本义》约于丽末鲜初同时传入韩国。14世纪到16世纪,韩国易学经历了从"专重《程传》"到"并重《本义》"的转变。此一问题尚未引起学界的特别关注。宣祖朝之前,君臣论《易》都是援引《程传》,世祖亦指示国译本以《程传》为据。到了宣祖朝,经筵开始出现程朱并讲的情况,国译本《周易谚解》亦转为程朱兼采。16世纪末,韩国易学的"程朱抉择"成为了当时学者普遍思考的问题:李退溪及其后学明确主张《本义》为先、兼取《程传》,偏好《程传》者亦不乏其人,更多学者则折中于程朱之间。韩国易学的"程朱抉择",一方面与传入韩国的《周易传义大全》的文本结构有关,一方面反映了韩国朱子学的成熟与深化。

Cheng’s Commentary(Cheng Yi’s[1033-1107]Commentary on the Zhou Changes)and Zhu Xi’s(1130-1200)Original Meaning(of the Zhou Changes)were simultaneously transmitted into Korea at around the turn from the Goryeo Dynasty(918-1392)to the Li Dynasty(1392-1910).From the 14th to 16th centuries,Changes scholarship in Korea experienced a transformation from“only emphasizing Cheng’s Commentary”to“equal stress on the Original Meaning”.This issue did not arouse enough attention from academic circles.Before the reign of Joseon Seonjo(1567-1608),citations when discussing the Changes mainly came from Cheng’s Commentary,sai-jo(r.,1455-68)also ordered scholars to use Cheng’s version as the master copy for national translation.During the reign of Joseon Seonjo(1567-1608),lectures for king started to be based on both Cheng’s and Zhu’s discourses,and the national translation version of Zhouyi yan jie(Interpretation of the Zhou Changes by Proverbs)also began to adopt both Cheng’s and Zhu’s teachings.At the end of the 16th century,the“choice of Cheng and/or Zhu”turned out to be a general issue for scholars to consider:Li Tuixi(1501-70)and his followers put the Original Meaning in the first place and Cheng’s Commentary the second;there were no lack of such people who inclined to the latter;more scholars took a balance between Cheng and Zhu.The“choice of Cheng and/or Zhu”on the one hand was related to the textual structure of the Zhouyi zhuanyi da quan(A Comprehensive Compilation of[Cheng Yi’s]Commentary and[Zhu Xi’s]Original Meaning of the Zhou Changes),and reflected the maturity and deepening of the study of Master Zhu’s philosophy on the other.