设施园艺作物生长信息智能化检测装备的创新设计

Innovative Design of Intelligent Detection Equipment for Plant Growth Information in Facility Horticulture

设施园艺智能化装备技术是现代设施农业发展的迫切需要。温室作物生长信息智能化监测装备能够对作物的营养、长势和环境信息进行综合监测,为温室的水肥和环境优化调控提供科学依据,是设施园艺智能化的关键装备,本研究针对不同生长阶段和不同株形作物的检测需求以及温室非结构化环境的作业需要,开发了能够在温室内自主巡航的轮式和履带式作物生长及环境信息监测系统;同时,为了满足大株型作物的检测需求,还开发了悬轨式作物生长和环境信息检测系统,该系统将多传感检测系统通过云台悬挂安装在温室桁架内的回旋轨道上,由于检测位置较高,能够对黄瓜、番茄等较大株型的温室作物实现定时巡航生长监测。为了实现作物生长信息的全面探测,研发了园艺作物信息多传感检测系统,利用可见光—近红外双目多光谱相机、红外探测传感器、激光测距传感器以及环境温湿度和光照传感器等仪器设备,通过多传感信息融合,实现了设施园艺作物营养、长势和环境信息的综合监测,取得了较好的应用效果。

Intelligent equipment technology for facility gardening is an urgent need for the development of modern facility agriculture.The intelligent monitoring equipment for greenhouse crop growth information can comprehensively monitor the nutrition,growth and environmental information of crops,and provide a scientific basis for the optimization and regulation of water,fertilizer and environment in the greenhouse.It is a key equipment for intelligent facility gardening.This research is aimed at different growth stages.In order to meet the inspection needs of different plantshaped crops and the operation needs of the unstructured environment of the greenhouse,a wheeled and crawler-type crop growth and environmental information monitoring system that can cruise autonomously in the greenhouse has been developed;at the same time,in order to meet the needs of large plant-shaped crops for detection requirements,a suspended-track crop growth and environmental information detection system was also developed.The system uses a multi-sensor detection system to pass through a pan-tilt,and is suspended and installed on a circular track laid on a greenhouse truss.Due to the high detection position,it can monitor the regular cruise growth of greenhouse crops such as cucumbers and tomatoes.In order to realize the comprehensive detection of crop growth information,a multi-sensor detection system for horticultural crop information has been developed,which uses visible-near-infrared binocular multi-spectral cameras,infrared detection sensors,laser ranging sensors,and ambient temperature,humidity,and light sensors.The sensory information fusion realizes the comprehensive monitoring of the nutrition,growth and environmental information of the facility gardening crops.A good application effect has been achieved.