篮球运动员动态视觉注意特征与运动表现的相关性研究

Study on the Correlation Between Dynamic Visual Attention Characteristics and Sports Performance of Basketball Players

采用多目标追踪任务与点探测任务结合的双任务实验范式,旨在探讨篮球运动员的动态视觉注意分配特征及其与运动表现的相关关系。方法:选取48名大学生(篮球运动员24人,一般大学生24人),采用多目标追踪任务分析样本篮球运动员对动态视觉信息处理的表现,通过增加追踪目标负荷探讨样本篮球运动员动态视觉信息加工特点,运用点探测任务分析样本篮球运动员动态信息认知加工过程中注意资源的分配与加工特征,探讨样本篮球运动员的这种动态视觉注意特征与运动表现之间的相关性。结果:1)组别和目标数量维度的交互效应不显著,组别和点探测出现位置维度的交互作用不显著,组别和探测刺激出现位置维度的交互效应显著,在不同位置的点探测觉察率与运动表现(技术统计指标)的相关程度不同。2)随着目标数量的增多,任务难度增大,样本篮球运动员追踪正确率呈下降趋势。在MOT任务中,样本篮球运动员与被试一般大学生的注意分配能力未见显著差异。在双任务实验中,样本篮球运动员对空位置的更多关注意味着注意资源更多地分配到了空位置,这种视觉注意的特点使得样本篮球运动员在比赛中可能出现更多的助攻行为和更少的犯规行为,对良好的运动表现有促进作用。

The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic visual attention distribution characteristics of basketball players and its relationship with sports performance by using the dual task paradigm of multi-target tracking task and point detection task.Methods:48 college students(24 basketball players and 24 general college students)were selected to analyze the performance of dynamic visual information processing of sample basketball players by multi-objective tracking task.The processing characteristics of dynamic visual information of sample basketball players were discussed by increasing the tracking target load,and the dynamic information cognitive processing process of sample basketball players was analyzed by point detection task This paper discusses the distribution and processing characteristics of mental resources,and discusses the correlation between the dynamic visual attention characteristics and sports performance of sample basketball players.Results:1)there was no significant interaction between group and target number dimension,no significant interaction between group and position dimension of point detection,significant interaction effect between group and detection stimulus appearance dimension,and the correlation degree between point detection rate and motor performance(technical statistical index)was different in different positions.2)With the increase of the number of targets,the task difficulty increases,and the tracking accuracy of sample basketball players shows a downward trend.In the mot task,there is no significant difference between the sample basketball players and the general college students.In the double task experiment,the sample basketball players pay more attention to the empty position,which means that more attention resources are allocated to the empty position.This visual attention feature makes the sample basketball players may have more assists and fewer fouls in the game,which can promote the good sports performance.