数据主权规则建设的模式与借鉴——兼论中国数据主权的规则构建

The Building Models of Data Sovereignty Rules and the Enlightment:On the Rule Building of China’s Data Sovereignty

数据是大数据时代重要的国家战略资源。数据主权是国家主权在网络空间的核心表现,关系到数据安全、数字鸿沟、个人隐私,是国家安全和发展的核心利益所在。近年来,欧盟与美国都在数据主权方面开展新的规则建设。欧盟以数据保护为核心出台的《通用数据保护条例》,重新建立了与美国之间处理数据保护的规则框架,进一步强化了对数据主权的保护。美国则以《澄清域外合法使用数据法案》为代表,确立以数据自由为核心的数据主权规则,但实质是单边主义和霸权主义在数据主权问题上的延伸。中国宜在欧盟和美国数据主权规则建设差异性基础之上,以主权平等、合作共治为原则,以网络命运共同体理念为指导,构建符合我国数据要求,兼顾各国利益的数据主权规则,推动全球数字经济全面健康发展。

Data is an important national strategic resource in the era of big data.Data sovereignty is the core manifestation of national sovereignty in cyberspace.It is related to data security,digital divide and personal privacy.It is where national security and development interests lie.In recent years,the European Union and the United States have continued to build rules on data sovereignty.With data protection at its core,the European Union has issued the"General Data Protection Regulations"to re-establish the rules and framework for handling data protection with the United States and further strengthen the protection of data sovereignty.The United States,represented by the"Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act",established data sovereignty rules with free flow of data as the core,but the essence is an extension of unilateralism and hegemonism on the issue of data sovereignty.Based on the differences in data sovereignty rules between the European Union and the United States,China should follow the principles of sovereign independence,equality,cooperation and co-governance,take the concept of a community of shared future in cyberspace as the guide to building data sovereignty rules that meet China’s development requirements,and take into account the interests of all countries,as well as promote the comprehensive and healthy development of the global digital economy.