论我国居住权的设立方式与登记效力

On the Establishment Ways and Registration Effectiveness of the Dwelling Right in China

《民法典》主张以合同方式设立居住权,契合物权的有因性,但无法保障家庭关系中弱势一方的居住权。遗嘱设立居住权的法律效力存在争议,居住权人、第三人的合法权益屡遭侵犯。我国应设立法定居住权,类型化确立居住权登记的法律效力,明确遗产管理人负有法定义务——为继承人、受遗赠人办理居住权登记,充分发挥居住权制度优势,达致所有人、居住权人和受让人之间的利益衡平。

The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China does not establish the legal right of residence,but advocates the establishment of the right of residence in the form of contract,which conforms to the cause of property right,but cannot guarantee the dwelling right of the disadvantaged party in the family relationship.The legal effect of the right to establish residence in a will is controversial,and the legitimate rights and interests of the occupant and the third party are infringed repeatedly.China should establish the legal right of residence,establish the legal effect of the registration of the dwelling right,and define the legal obligation of the administrator of the estate--to register the dwelling right for the heirs and legatees,so as to give full play to the advantages of the right of residence system and achieve the balance of interests among the owner,the holder of the dwelling right and the assignee.