全球原型盆地演化与油气分布

Evolution of global proto-type basin and the petroleum distribution

在全球古板块重建基础上,对全球4091个地质单元不同地质历史时期的大地构造特征和原型盆地性质进行厘定,并以468个重点盆地为关键标定,恢复了全球前寒武纪、寒武纪、奥陶纪、志留纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪、二叠纪、三叠纪、侏罗纪、早白垩世、晚白垩世、古近纪和新近纪13个地质时期的原型盆地类型及其古、今位置分布,探讨了全球原型盆地演化规律及其与烃源岩发育和油气富集的关系。全球原型盆地的形成与板块构造演化密切相关:(1)罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解、分离阶段,主要形成克拉通盆地和被动陆缘盆地;(2)冈瓦纳大陆漂移与潘基亚超大陆的形成控制古生代被动陆缘盆地、弧后盆地和前陆盆地的共同发育;(3)潘基亚超大陆的裂解主要控制了裂谷盆地和被动陆缘盆地的发育。全球烃源岩发育与大陆裂解、海平面上升和海侵广泛有关,主要发育于拉张环境下形成的被动陆缘盆地和裂谷盆地,以侏罗纪和白垩纪最为发育。针对多期叠加型盆地,通过分别恢复不同期次的盆地原型,预测其生-储-盖组合分布与油气富集有利区,对中国石油公司开展海外战略选区和油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。

Based on the reconstruction of global paleo-plate,this study determines the geotectonic characteristics of 4091 geological units in different geological historical periods and the nature of proto-type basins;using 468 key basins as the key calibrations,it restores the types and distribution of paleo and present locations of proto-type basins in 13 geological periods of the Precambrian,Cambrian,Ordovician,Silurian,Devonian,Carboniferous,Permian,Triassic,Jurassic,Early Cretaceous,Late Cretaceous,Paleogene and Neogene;further,it explores the evolution of global proto-type basins and its relationship with source rock development and hydrocarbon enrichment.The formation of global proto-type basins is closely related to the evolution of plate tectonics:(1)In the breakup and separation stages of the Rodinia,craton basins and passive marginal basins were mainly formed.(2)Gondwana continental drift and the formation of Pangea controlled the common development of Paleozoic passive continental margin basins,back-arc basins and foreland basins.(3)Pangea breakup primarily controlled the development of rift basins and passive continental margin basins.Global source rocks were mainly developed in passive continental margin basins and rift basins under extensional environments.The development of source rocks is related to continental breakup,sea level rise and extensive transgression,and reached the peak in the Jurassic and Cretaceous.For multi-stage superimposed basins,predicting the distribution of source-reservoir-caprock combination and the favorable areas for oil and gas enrichment by restoring basin proto-types in different stages respectively has important guiding significance for Chinese oil companies’overseas strategic area selection and oil-gas exploration.