历史唯物主义的“空间化”概念探源

On the Origin of the Concept of“Spatialization”of Historical Materialism

20世纪下半叶以来西方思想文化所涌现的声势浩大的“空间化转向”,既给历史唯物主义提供了崭新的认识视野,也对其提出了尖锐的理论挑战。只有赋予历史唯物主义以空间化视角,才能理解当今世界最新现实。但历史唯物主义的空间化概念并没有现成的经典文本与理论来源可以遵循,需要进行一番艰苦细致的前提性批判与内在逻辑重新建构工作。其中,前提性批判的重点首先在于反思与检讨传统教科书中著名的物质体论式的空间概念;其次是批判社会空间论或社会结构论概念,其目的在于纠正经济决定论与地理决定论的误解;再次是阐述空间化概念的基本内涵与建构的可能性。在这一理论过程中,生产实践特别是社会关系的再生产概念是基始的,而资本积累的逻辑是其主体部分。本文在简要反思传统空间观的局限性的基础上,集中理解政治经济学批判语境下马克思的社会关系再生产概念、社会有机体理论、历史性自然观,以及“以时间消灭空间”论断中潜在的空间化思想。这是历史唯物主义的空间化历史观的渊源。

Since the second half of the 20th century,the great“spatial turn”in Western ideology and culture has not only provided a new cognitive vision for historical materialism,but also posed a sharp theoretical challenge to it.There is no ready-made classical text and theoretical source to follow the spatial concept of historical materialism.It is necessary to carry out a painstaking and meticulous work of presupposition criticism and internal logic reconstruction.Firstly,the key point of presupposition criticism is to reflect and review the famous space concept in traditional textbooks.Secondly,the purpose of criticizing social space theory is to correct the misunderstanding between economic determinism and geographical determinism.Thirdly,it expounds the basic connotation of the concept of spatialization and the possibility of its construction.On the basis of a brief reflection on the limitations of the traditional concept of space,this paper focuses on the understanding of Marx’s concept of reproduction of social relations,social organism theory,historical view of nature and the potential spatialization thought in the judgment of“eliminating space with time”.This is the origin of the spatial historical view of historical materialism.