自然资源资产产权制度改革:理论依据、基本特征与制度效应

Reform of Property Right System of Natural Resources Assets:Theoretical Basis,Basic Characteristics and Institutional Effect

关于自然资源资产产权制度起源的理论主要包括基于界定产权成本收益分析的自然资源资产排他性产权起源论、阿姆拜克的自然资源资产强力产权论、奥斯特罗姆的自然资源资产共有产权起源论。我国自然资源资产产权制度改革的基本特征表现为:经济体制改革与自然资源资产产权制度改革相互促进;自然资源资产不断升值与自然资源产权制度改革滞后的矛盾推动着我国自然资源资产产权制度的改革与完善;自上而下的自然资源资产产权制度改革的顶层设计与自下而上的自然资源资产产权制度改革相互促进;中国特色自然资源资产产权制度体系构建与要素市场化配置体制机制的形成相互促进。自然资源资产产权由于其特殊性,可以产生市场化效应、资源配置效应、资本化效应与生态化效应。我国自然资源资产产权制度改革的方向是:将坚持社会主义经济制度与遵循自然资源资产产权演变规律结合起来;健全中国特色自然资源资产产权制度。

The origin theories of property right of natural resources assets mainly include exclusive property right origin theory of natural resources assets based on cost-benefit analysis of defining property right,strong property right theory of natural resources assets by Ambeck and common property right theory of natural resources assets by Ostrom.The course and characteristics of China's natural resources property right system reform are as follows:the economic system reform and natural resources property right system reform promote each other;the contradiction between natural resources assets rising and natural resources property right system reform lagging behind promotes the reform and perfection of China's natural resources property right system;the top-level design of central top-down natural resources property right system reform and bottom-up natural resources property right system reform promote each other;the construction of natural resources property right system with Chinese characteristics and the formation of factor market allocation system promote each other.Due to its particularity,the property rights of natural resources assets can produce the following institutional effects:marketization effect,resource allocation effect,capitalization effect and ecological effect.In the future,the direction of China's natural resources property right system reform is to combine adhering to the socialist economic system with following the own laws of the evolution of natural resources property rightsand to improve the property right system of natural resources with Chinese characteristics.