绿肥压青茬口麦田贮水量与红蜘蛛、茎基腐病发生的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Soil Water Storage and Occurrence of Red Spider and Basal Stalk Rot in Wheat Field Under Green Manure Stubble

为实施绿肥压青提升土壤肥力、减少病虫危害,2018年采用大区对比方法,开展不同海拔夏闲期绿肥压青茬口麦田不同生育期不同土层的麦田贮水量、红蜘蛛发生量、茎基腐病发病率及其相关性研究。结果表明,各绿肥压青茬口小麦越冬前、拔节期不同土层的贮水量高海拔点均高于低海拔点,红蜘蛛发生量低海拔点大于高海拔点;同一海拔点不同绿肥压青茬口间的红蜘蛛发生量存在极显著差异(P<0.01),同一作物压青茬口的红蜘蛛发生量表现为压青愈晚发生量愈大。拔节期不同绿肥压青茬口0~100、100~200、0~200 cm土层贮水量与麦田红蜘蛛发生量的线性关系在低海拔点均存在显著负相关(P<0.05),而在高海拔点均不存在差异;越冬前高海拔点100~200 cm土层贮水量,低海拔点0~100、0~200 cm土层贮水量与麦田红蜘蛛发生量的线性关系表现为显著负相关(P<0.05)。低海拔点、高海拔点不同绿肥压青茬口的茎基腐发病率分别为0.56%~1.59%、0.00%~0.00%,其中低海拔点越冬前0~100 cm土层贮水量,拔节期0~100、100~200、0~200 cm土层贮水量与茎基腐发病率存在显著负相关(P<0.05);低海拔点各土层贮水量与茎基腐发病率的平均相关系数拔节期大于越冬前。该项研究可为实施绿肥压青减少病虫危害选择适宜区域及绿肥压青茬口提供理论依据。

To improve the soil fertility and reduce the pests and diseases by green manuring,a study on different soil layer water storage at different wheat growth stages,red spider occurrence quantity,basal stalk rot incidence and the correlation was conducted in wheat field under green manuring in summer fallow period by large area contrast method at different altitudes in 2018.The results showed that the different layer soil water storage at high altitude was higher than that at low altitude in different green manure stubble before winter and at jointing stage,and the red spider occurrence was opposite;the red spider occurrence was significantly different in different green manure stubble at same altitude(P<0.01),and the later the green manuring time,the larger the red spider occurrence quantity with same crop green manure stubble.The linear relationship between the 0-100,100-200 and 0-200 cm soil layer water storage and the red spider occurrence was a significantly negative correlation(P<0.05)at wheat jointing stage at low altitude,but no difference at high altitude;before wheat overwintering,the linear relationship between the water storage of 100-200 cm soil layer and the red spider occurrence was a significantly negative correlation(P<0.05)at high altitude,and that of the water storage of 0-100 and 0-200 cm soil layer and the red spider occurrence was the same at low altitude.The basal stalk rot incidence of green manure stubble at low altitude and high altitude was 0.56%-1.59% and 0.00%-0.00% respectively,among them,there was a significantly negative correlation between 0-100 cm soil layer water storage before winter,0-100,100-200 and 0-200 cm soil layer water storage at jointing stage and basal stalk rot incidence(P<0.05)at low altitude;the mean correlation coefficient between different soil layer water storage and basal stalk rot incidence was larger at jointing stage than that before overwintering at low altitude.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of green manure to reduce pests and diseases,and to select suitable green manure stubble for different areas.