黄河与道情戏之关系研究——以山东省为中心的探讨

Study on the Relationship between the Yellow River and Daoqing Opera ——Discussion centering on Shandong Province

黄河是中华文明的主要发源地,黄河流域曾是中国古代政治、经济、文化的中心。分布于黄河下游及其周边地区的沾化渔鼓戏、莱州蓝关戏、临淄八仙戏同属于道情戏系统,是山东省具有代表性的道情戏剧种。作为道情戏属概念下的几个种概念,既相对独立,又相互关联,它们是黄河与道情戏之密切关系的有力证明。道情戏由说唱道情发展而来,沿黄河流域传播,沾化、莱州、临淄在历史上都是道教盛行之地,说唱道情在发展衍变过程中与当地音乐、方言结合,同时吸收其他剧种的艺术营养,形成了各地特色鲜明的道情戏。它们同源而异流,具有典型的"家族相似性"特征。黄河促进了道情戏的形成和发展,道情戏也以自己丰富的表演形式和独特的思想内涵呈现出黄河文化的精神气质和时代变迁。对山东省道情戏的研究,可为整个黄河流域道情戏的研究和保护提供参考和借鉴。

The Yellow River is the main birthplace of Chinese civilization and the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China. Yugu opera of Zhanhua, Languan opera of Laizhou and Baxian opera of Linzi, all locating in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the surrounding areas, belong to the Daoqing opera system and are the representatives of Daoqing opera in Shandong Province. As specific concepts in the category of Daoqing opera, they seem to be relatively independent, but in fact they are interrelated, which is a strong proof of the close relationship between the Yellow River and Daoqing opera. Daoqing opera developed from rap Daoqing, and spread along the Yellow River valley. Zhanhua, Laizhou and Linzi were all places where Taoism was prevalent in history. In its development and evolution, rap Daoqing integrated the local music and dialects, absorbed the artistic nutrition of other kinds of operas, and finally formed Daoqing opera with distinct local features.They have the same origin but different branches, but all of them have the characteristics of "family resemblance". The Yellow River promotes the formation and development of Daoqing opera while Daqing opera presents the spiritual temperament and changes of the times of the Yellow River culture with its rich forms of performance and unique ideological connotations. Therefore, the study on the Daoqing opera system in Shandong Province has a certain universal significance, which may provide reference for the study and protection of the Daoqing opera system in the whole Yellow River valley.