2008—2017年甘蔗品种‘新台糖22号’在广西蔗区的消长分析

Growth and Decline of Sugarcane Cultivar‘ROC22’in Guangxi Sugarcane Area from 2008 to 2017

本研究通过调查2008—2017年广西甘蔗新品种区域试验中‘新台糖22号’(‘ROC22’)的农艺性状,结合分析同期该品种在广西蔗区的生产性状表现,以及种植面积、经济效益变化等情况,结果表明,‘ROC22’的分蘖能力和宿根发株能力随年份增加而逐渐减弱,株高和茎径则在一定范围内波动。2012年之后,平均甘蔗单产持续下降,蔗糖分也出现一定程度下降,以11月蔗糖分下降较为显著;黑穗病发病率迅速上升,从2.94%上升至9.02%,已成为广西甘蔗生产的最主要病害;螟虫危害程度逐年加重,枯心苗率从2.29%上升至4.27%。该品种种植面积于2011年达到顶峰,之后迅速下降,从756.4×10^(3) hm^(2)下降至255.9×10^(3) hm^(2),占比从69.5%下降至31.6%。广西蔗农种植该品种所获取的原料蔗经济收入从2011/2012榨季的340.4亿元下降至2017/2018榨季的115.2亿元。可见,‘ROC22’在广西作为主栽品种多年,为广西蔗糖产业发展作出了巨大贡献,但随着种植年限的增加,其种性已明显退化,病虫对该品种为害加重,甘蔗产量和蔗糖分显著下降,被其他优良新品种替代已不可避免。

’ROC22’was the most important sugarcane cultivar in Guangxi sugarcane production from 2008 to 2017.In this study,the performances of the agronomic traits of’ROC22’in the regional trials of the new sugarcane cultivars in Guangxi during this period were investigated,combined with the analyses of its production performance,the changes in its planting area and economic benefit,to provide a reference for sugarcane breeding and cultivation.The tillering and ratoon-shooting ability of’ROC22’declined with year increase while the plant height and stalk diameter fluctuated in a certain degree.Since 2012,the average productivity of’ROC22’had been decreasing continuously,and its sucrose content also has been declining in a certain degree,especially declined more dramatically in November.The smut incidence rate had risen rapidly from 2.94%to 9.02%,and this disease had become the most important disease in Guangxi sugarcane production.The borer damage degree had been getting heavier year by year,and the rate of heart-withered shoots has risen from 2.29%to 4.27%.The planting area of this cultivar reached a peak in 2011,and then began decreasing rapidly,from 756.4×10^(3) hm^(2) to 255.9×10^(3) hm^(2),or 69.5%to 31.6%in proportion.The Guangxi farmers’income from planting this cultivar decreased from 34.04 billion RMB in 2011/2012 milling season to 11.52 billion RMB in 2017/2018 milling season.It was concluded that’ROC22’has contributed greatly to the development of Guangxi cane sugar industry as the main sugarcane cultivar for many years,but its characters have been degenerated dramatically with the increasing of planting years,its damage by pests and diseases has been heavier,and cane yield and sucrose content has been decreased considerably,so it will be unavoidable to be replaced by other new elite cultivars.