环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼制度的检视与完善

Inspection and Perfection of the Environmental Criminal Incidental Civil Public Interest Litigation System

环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼制度在诉讼目的、起诉主体与法律责任等方面与传统刑事附带民事诉讼制度有很大不同。这一新型诉讼虽有诸多优点,但从司法实践看,该制度的运行存在主体困境、管辖两难、程序不畅、责任障碍等问题。追根溯源,这与环境刑事与环境民事公益两种诉讼在诉讼目的、权利系属、诉讼原理上存在巨大差异不无关系。当前,在世界范围内,不管是大陆法系国家,还是英美法系国家,都不存在环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼制度。作为一内生性制度,应在全面审视该制度的前提下和基础上,结合其在司法实践中存在的具体问题,通过修正诉讼理念、健全程序规则、规范法律责任等方面加以完善。

Environmental criminal incidental civil public interest litigation system and the traditional criminal incidental civil litigation system have obviously differences in litigation purpose,suit subjects and legal responsibilities.Although this new type of litigation has many advantages,in judicial practice,the operation of the system has certain problems such as subject dilemma,jurisdiction dilemma,poor procedures,and liability barriers.Tracing back to the source,this is related to the huge differences between environmental criminal and environmental civil public interest litigation in terms of litigation purposes,rights and principles.At present,in the world,whether it is a civil law country or a common law country,there is no environmental criminal incidental civil public interest litigation system.As an endogenous system,it should be perfected from the perspectives of revising litigation ideas,improving procedural rules,and regulating legal liabilities based on the premise and foundation of a comprehensive review,combined with the specific problems of the system in judicial practice.