城市健康安全单元的设施配置及空间优化策略

Facility Configuration and Spatial Improvement Strategies of Urban Health Unit

健康和安全是人的初级需求,也是在国土空间规划和城市建设中需坚守的底线。构建城市健康安全单元、完善健康安全设施配套并优化空间结构是提高城市应对风险能力的关键举措。文章针对此问题开展研究,首先,提出以三级生活圈为基础构建多层级健康安全单元体系;其次,在梳理、整合相关研究成果的基础上,提出包括城市绿地、体育设施、医疗设施、应急避难场所、消防站和人防工程在内的六大类健康安全设施的配置标准;最后,提出不同层级健康安全单元的空间布局优化策略,强调在整体层面形成多中心、组团式的城市空间结构,并指出每个层级单元的关注重点和理想功能布局模式。

Security and health are basic human needs as well as bottom line in national land-space planning and urban construction.Establishing urban health unit,integrating healthy facilities,and improving spatial structure are critical measures that increase the ability of urban risk management.Firstly,the paper puts forwards establishing a health unit system based on three levels of life circles.Second,it puts forwards health and security facility configuration standard consisting of green space,sports,medical facilities,emergency evacuation,fire station,air defense based on a review of existing studies.Finally,spatial layout improvement strategies are proposed for different levels of health units towards a spatial structure of multiple centers and units.The emphases and ideal functional models at each level are listed.