黄淮海高蛋白夏大豆新品种适宜种植密度研究

Optimal Planting Density of New High Protein Summer Soybean Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

为明确黄淮海地区高蛋白夏大豆新品种最佳种植密度,为其推广利用提供理论依据,本研究以高蛋白夏大豆新品种圣豆18、圣豆24、菏豆37和菏豆38为供试材料,分析单株和群体农艺性状、籽粒品质、产量及产量构成因素对不同种植密度的响应。结果表明:4个高蛋白夏大豆新品种株高、底荚高随密度增大均逐渐增大,单株有效荚数、单株粒数、根干重、茎干重、豆荚干重及百粒重随密度增大均呈现减小趋势,主茎节数、有效分枝数、籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量受密度影响不明显。圣豆18和圣豆24群体根、茎、荚干重在种植密度为19.5万~22.5万株·hm^(-2)时均较高;菏豆37和菏豆38群体根、茎、荚干重在种植密度为19.5万株·hm^(-2)时最高。种植密度为22.5万株·hm^(-2)时,圣豆18产量最高,为3 750.00 kg·hm^(-2);种植密度为19.5万株·hm^(-2)时,圣豆24、菏豆37和菏豆38产量均最高,分别为3 458.65,2 952.30和3 625.70 kg·hm^(-2)。

In order to determine the optimal planting density of new high-protein summer soybean varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region and provide theoretical basis for their popularization and utilization, we used new high-protein summer soybean varieties Shengdou 18, Shengdou 24, Hedou 37 and Hedou 38 as test materials, and studied the effects of planting density on the agronomic traits, seed quality, yield and yield components. The results showed that the plant height and pod height of new high protein summer soybean varieties increased with the increasing of planting density, the effective pods number per plant, the seed number per plant, the dry weight of root, stem and pod per plant and 100-seed weight decreased with the increasing of density, while its effects on main stem node number, effective branch number, seed protein and fat content were not significant. The dry weight of group root, stem and pod of Shengdou 18 and Shengdou 24 were higher with the planting density of 19.5×10^(4)-22.5×10^(4) plants per hectare, while those of Hedou 37 and Hedou 38 had the highest with the planting density of 19.5×10^(4) plants per hectare. The highest yield of Shengdou 18 was 3 750.00 kg·ha^(-1) under the planting density of 22.5×10^(4) plants per hectare, and the highest yield of Shengdou 24, Hedou 37 and Hedou 38 was 3 458.65, 2 952.30 and 3 625.70 kg·ha^(-1) respectively under the planting density of 19.5×10^(4) plants per hectare.