外源调节物质对豆梨叶变色期及生理特性的影响

Effects of Exogenous Regulatory Substances on Discoloration Period and Physiological Characteristics of Pyrus calleryana

通过研究外源调节物质对豆梨叶色变化和生理指标的影响,为豆梨栽培技术及园林应用提供理论依据。本试验以豆梨‘首都’为材料,设置不同浓度和配比外源调节物质的组合处理,研究其对豆梨叶变色期、光合作用、花色苷和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明:各处理中,叶面喷施0.5 mg/L植物生长调节剂+1500 mg/L微肥+8000 mg/L蔗糖+20 mL/L白醋处理(T3)更能有效延长豆梨叶观赏期,观赏期可达29 d。各处理净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均有不同程度地增加,其中T3处理Pn和Gs分别比对照增加8.32%、6.78%,与其它处理存在显著性差异。T3处理10月14日叶片即开始变色,整个变色期花色苷变化曲线与其它处理及对照差异明显。一定时间内可溶性糖含量先缓慢上升,后明显上升,达到峰值后缓慢下降,T3处理可溶性糖净增长量最大。综之,豆梨叶面喷施0.5 mg/L植物生长调节剂+1500 mg/L微肥+8000 mg/L蔗糖+20 mL/L白醋更能提高植株的光合性能、有效调控叶片各类色素的比例及组成、增加叶片可溶性糖含量,继而延长落叶期、利于花色苷呈色。

In order to study the effects of exogenous regulatory substances on the changes of leaf color and physiological indexes of Pyrus calleryana and provide theoretical bases for cultivation technology and garden application,the effects of different concentrations and proportions of exogenous regulatory substances on leaf discoloration period,photosynthesis,anthocyanin and soluble sugar contents were studied taking P.calleryana‘Capital’as the test material.The results showed that the length of the ornamental period was longer compared other treatments when spraying 0.5 mg/L plant growth regulator+1500 mg/L micro-fertilizer+8000 mg/L sucrose+20 mL/L white vinegar(T3)on the leaves,and the ornamental period could reach 29 days.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of all the treatments increased in varying degrees,and the Pn and Gs of T3 treatment increased by 8.32%and 6.78%respectively compared with the control,and had significant differences with other treatments.The leaves of T3 treatment began to change color on October 14,and the change curve of anthocyanins during the whole coloration period was obviously different from other treatments and control.In a certain period of time,the soluble sugar content showed a slow rising at first and then obvious rising,and slowly decreased after reaching the peak value.The net increase of soluble sugar under T3 treatment was the largest.In conclusion,spraying 0.5 mg/L plant growth regulator+1500 mg/L micro-fertilizer+8000 mg/L sucrose+20 mL/L white vinegar on the leaves of P.calleryana could improve the photosynthetic property of the plants,effectively regulate the proportion and composition of various pigments,increase the content of soluble sugar,and prolong the defoliation period and facilitate the color of anthocyanin.