冷战初期的国际科技交流——聚焦首届和平利用原子能国际会议中的若干共识

International Scientific and Technological Exchanges in the Early Cold War——Focus on the Consensus of the First International Conference on the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy

梳理了1955年和平利用原子能国际会议中各国核科学家交流的情况,聚焦科学家们探讨分歧、凝聚共识的过程,分析其对国际核科学、核工业发展产生的深刻影响。会议重建了核科学家间跨政治阵营的直接交流,构建起战后“和平利用原子能”国际交流网络的基础,为科学家们讨论核时代的机遇与风险提供了新平台。根据对会议档案报告、亲历者日记、信件及相关评述、新闻媒体报道等一手文献资料的整理与分析,阐述了会议体现冷战初期科学家群体的几点共识:争取科学家间自由交流;对和平利用原子能前景高度乐观;强调科学家的社会责任。

The article reviews the exchange of nuclear scientists in the 1955 International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,focusing on the process by which scientists discuss differences and forge consensus,its profound influence on the development of international nuclear science and industry is analyzed.The conference re⁃established direct cross⁃political camp communication among nuclear scientists,formed the basis of the post⁃war International Communication Network on the peaceful uses of atomic energy,and provided a new platform for scientists to discuss the opportunities and risks of the nuclear age.Based on the collation and analysis of first⁃hand documents such as conference file reports,personal diaries,letters and related commentaries,and news media reports,it elaborated on several points of consensus among the group of scientists at the beginning of the Cold War:to strive for free exchange among scientists;to be highly optimistic about the prospects for the peaceful use of atomic energy;and to emphasize the social responsibility of scientists.