家庭友好型婴幼儿照料支持:城镇双职工家庭中的“90后”父职参与研究

Family-friendly Type of Infant Care Support:Research on Post-90s Fathers’Participation in Urban Dual-worker Families

家庭婴幼儿照料支持政策制定的重点在于家庭育儿分工合作模式与多元化婴幼儿照料支持服务规划。随着家庭科学合作育儿理念的普及,家庭婴幼儿照料中父职参与成为育儿支持性政策完善的突破口。基于福利多元主义分析框架,探讨城镇“90后”双职工家庭父母合作育儿实践研究发现:父职参与婴幼儿照料缺失的类型主要包括闲暇参与、育儿知识空白、家庭责任感缺失、隔代抚育替代。父职参与婴幼儿照料支持的结构性困境在于父职参与缺乏专业的家庭育儿指导、父职育儿假期难落实、父职参与的支持和促进政策不完善。综合借鉴国外父职参与育儿的家庭支持型政策、育儿服务合作供给型政策和重视育儿观念引导型政策的经验启示,通过完善父职参与政策保障、激发市场托育服务供给潜能、扩展社会组织参与服务空间、加强社区支持性育儿资源整合、倡导父职参与的家庭育儿文化,有效支持和促进父职参与婴幼儿照料,完善我国城镇双职工家庭友好型婴幼儿照料支持政策。

The focus of making a policy for household infant care support is on the household child-rearing collaboration model and the diversification of infant care support service planning.With the popularization of scientific and collaborative child rearing ideas in families,the participation of father in family infant care has become a breakthrough for perfecting the child-rearing supportive policy.Based on the framework of welfare pluralism,a research is made on the parental collaborative child-rearing practice in urban post 90s dual-worker families.It finds that the major types of father’s absence in taking part in infant care include leisure-time participation,a blank of child-rearing knowledge,lack of family responsibility,and the surrogate of grandparenting.The structural predicament of father’s role in infant care support comprises the following three aspects:absence of professional household child-rearing tutoring,inaccessibility of father’s child-care leave,and the imperfection of supportive and promoting policy for father’s participation.The family supportive policies of foreign countries on father’s child care participation,policies on collaborative supply of child care services,and policies paying attention to guiding father’s child rearing ideas can offer some experience and revelation.Father’s role in infant care can be effectively promoted through perfecting the policies that safeguard father’s participation,stimulating market potentials to supply nursery services,expanding the space for the joining of social organizations,strengthening the integration of supportive child care resources in communities,and advocating the family child rearing culture with father’s participation.Thus the family-friendly type of infant care supportive policy for urban families that both parents work can be better formulated in China.