《刑法修正案(十一)》若干要点的解析及评论

The Analysis and Comment on the Points of the 11th Amendment to the Criminal Law

《刑法修正案(十一)》修改、补充了以下三个要点。一是降低刑事责任年龄。形成与已满14周岁未满16周岁相对应的,一个更低的相对责任年龄阶段——已满12周岁未满14周岁的人,对故意杀人罪和故意重伤犯罪两种罪行负责,并附以更为严格的限制性条件:故意杀人罪限于致人死亡或者特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾,且情节恶劣的情形;故意伤害罪限于以特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾,且情节恶劣,不包括故意重伤致人死亡的情形。二是惩罚妨害安全驾驶罪、危险作业罪是典型的预防性刑法规范。高空抛物罪与侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪,不是表述预防性刑法规范的犯罪。三是提供假药、劣药行为,是销售假药、劣药的特殊方式,是有对价的有偿性提供。"无偿""无对价""免费"提供假药、劣药的,不能构成"提供假药罪""提供劣药罪"。总之,严格解释相对刑事责任年龄的责任范围,准确地适用预防性刑法规范,正确理解适用修改和补充的罪状描述,是司法机关正确适用《刑法修正案(十一)》所面临的三大要点与难点。

There are three points modified and complemented under the 11th Amendment to the Criminal Law:first,reducing the age for criminal responsibility to a lower stage of relative responsibility age,which is reaching 12-year-old and less than 14-year-old corresponding to the age of reaching 14-year-old and less than 16-year-old,so as to be liable for the crimes of intentional homicide and serious injury with more rigid restrictions,including the crime of intentional homicide restricted to the conditions resulting to death or serious disability from especially cruel means with serious plots;and the crime of intentional injury restricted to the conditions resulting to serious disability from especially cruel means with serious plots,not including the case resulting to death.Second,to punish the crime of impairing safe driving and hazardous operation crime is a typical preventive criminal norm,while the crime of high-rise littering and the crime of infringing the right of reputation and name of heroes and martyrs are not the type of crimes illustrating preventive criminal norms.Third,the act of offering counterfeit and inferior drugs is a special means of selling counterfeit and inferior drugs with considerations and payment.And providing counterfeit and inferior drugs for no value,for free,or with no considerations,cannot be categorized as"the crime of offering counterfeit drugs"or"the crime of offering drugs of inferior".In general,strictly construing the scope of liability of relative responsibility age,accurately applying the preventive criminal norms,and precisely understanding and applying the descriptions of charges amended and supplemented,are the three key and difficult points confronted by the judicial organs to appropriately apply the 11th Amendment to the Criminal Law.