大学生师规模、比例与学术产出的关系研究--基于58所教育部直属高校2007—2018年间的校际面板数据分析

A Research on the Relationship between the Scale,Ratio and Academic Output of Students and Teachers in Research Universities--Based on the Intercollegiate Panel Data Analysis of 58 Universities Directly under the Ministry of Education from 2007 to 2018

学生和教师是大学的主体和发展贡献者,对大学的发展水平和学术产出具有重要影响。学生和教师的规模与比例在很大程度上决定了大学的学术产出水平。基于58所教育部直属高校2007—2018年间的校际面板数据,研究构建了大学生师规模及比例等指标,通过双向固定效应模型分析了生师规模及比例与学术产出的关系。研究发现,从规模来看,专任教师、辅助人员对学术产出具有显著正向影响,但中心化处理后的交互项却未有显著影响;在校生及其与专任教师的中心化处理后的交互项均对学术产出未有显著影响。从比例来看,生师比对学术产出具备显著负向影响,当硕士生师比和博士生师比分别为5.32和1.06时,学术产出可达到理论最优;硕博比与学术产出呈显著的“倒U型”关系,当硕博比为6.4时,学术产出可达理论最优;专职比亦对学术产出有显著正向影响。因此,若要提升大学的学术产出水平,大学需要让学生和教师均能发挥出最大的作用,在增加学生规模和教师规模的同时,控制好生师的比例、硕士生师比和博士生师比及硕博比等指标,从而通过规模和比例的控制在最大程度上提升大学的学术产出水平。

Students and teachers are the main body and development contributors of universities,and they have an important influence on the development level and academic output of universities.The size and proportion of students and teachers determine the academic output level of universities to a great extent.Based on the intercollegiate panel data of 58 universities directly under the Ministry of Education from 2007 to 2018,the research constructs indicators such as the scale and proportion of college students and teachers,and analyzes the relationship between the scale and proportion of students and teachers and academic output through a two-way fixed effect model.The study finds that:from the perspective of scale,full-time teachers and supporting staff have a significant positive impact on academic output,but the interaction items after centralized processing have no significant impact;none of the interaction items of the students and their full-time teachers after centralized processing has a significant impact on academic output.In terms of proportion,the student-teacher ratio has a significant negative impact on academic output.When the master student-teacher ratio and doctoral student-teacher ratio are 5.32 and 1.06 respectively,the academic output can reach the theoretical optimum.When the master-to-doctor’s ratio is 6.4,the academic output can reach the theoretical optimum.The full-time ratio also has a significant positive impact on academic output.Therefore,to improve the academic output level of universities,universities need to enable both students and teachers to play the greatest role.While increasing the size of students and teachers,universities should also control the ratio of students to teachers,the ratio of master students to teachers,and the ratio of doctoral students to teachers so as to improve the academic output level of universities to the greatest extent through the control of scale and proportion.