Amino acid-assisted synthesis of TS-1 zeolites containing highly catalytically active TiO_(6)species

氨基酸辅助合成高活性六配位钛物种的TS-1分子筛

Tailoring the Ti coordination states in titanosilicate zeolites to simultaneously improve feedstock conversion and maximize the target product selectivity remains a challenge in the pursuit of high-performance catalysts for selective oxidation reactions.Herein,we provide a facile strategy to synthesize hierarchical anatase-free TS-1(MFI-type)zeolites with tetrahedrally coordinated(TiO_(4))and octahedrally coordinated Ti species(TiO_(6)).The TiO_(4)species provide high epoxide selectivity,while the TiO_(6)species afford improved alkene conversion.This strategy is achieved by synergistically using an L-lysine-assisted approach and a two-step crystallization;the two-step crystallization approach prevents the formation of anatase TiO_(2),while L-lysine stabilizes the TiO_(6)species and ensures efficient incorporation of TiO_(6)into the anatase-free TS-1 zeolites.Compared with their conventional counterparts,which only contain TiO_(4)species,the as-prepared TS-1 zeolites(Si/Ti=36.9)result in a higher 1-hexene conversion(33%),higher TON value(153),and comparable epoxide selectivity(95%).This synthetic strategy provides avenues to tailor the amount and distribution of Ti species in titanosilicate zeolites to achieve high catalytic performances in various processes.

TS-1分子筛是以TO_(4)(T=Si,Ti)四面体为基本单元,通过氧桥连接而形成的具有MFI拓扑结构的微孔晶体材料,其在催化烯烃环氧化、酮类氨肟化、氧化脱硫及芳香烃羟基化等氧化反应中表现出较好的催化活性.目前,提高TS-1分子筛催化性能的方法主要包括:(1)制备纳米和多级孔TS-1分子筛,以提高其扩散传质性能;(2)提高TS-1分子筛的钛含量并抑制锐钛矿相的产生,以增加其催化活性位点.最新研究表明,相比于传统四配位钛物种(TiO_(4))作为催化活性中心,六配位(TiO_(6))钛物种在烯烃环氧化反应中具有更高的催化活性,可进一步降低反应活化能,最终实现高效催化转化.然而,TiO_(6)物种结构中的Ti-OH组分,易导致开环反应发生,从而降低环氧化产物的选择性.因此,构筑高活性TiO_(6)物种及调变TiO_(4)/TiO_(6)比例,对提高烯烃转化率及环氧产物选择性具有重要意义.当前,高活性钛物种的结构表征及其构筑已成为研究热点且仍面临挑战.本文协同采用氨基酸辅助合成策略和两步晶化方法,成功地制备出具有TiO_(4)和TiO_(6)物种且无锐钛矿相的多级孔TS-1分子筛.在该协同策略中,两步晶化过程有利于抑制锐钛矿相的形成,而氨基酸的引入对高活性TiO_(6)物种的构筑具有重要作用.氨基酸分子可与钛原料形成螯合物,为TS-1分子筛晶化提供“养料”,并有效平衡晶体成核与生长速率及稳定TiO_(6)物种,最终实现制备富含TiO_(6)物种的多级孔TS-1分子筛.相比于传统TiO_(4)物种作为催化活性中心(1-己烯的转化率<25%,环氧化产物选择性>95%),本文所制备的TS-1分子筛(Si/Ti=36.9)因其兼具TiO_(4)和TiO_(6)物种,在1-己烯环氧化反应中表现出更好的催化性能(1-己烯的转化率33%,环氧化产物选择性95%).这是由于TiO_(4)物种不会导致开环反应的发生,因此可以保证较高的环氧产物选择性,而TiO_(6)物种经H2O2活化后,可形成具有更高活性及更小位阻效应的催化中心,极大提高了1-己烯转化率.综上,本文合成策略为构筑具有高活性钛物种及多级孔结构的钛硅分子筛提供了指导作用,为调控硅铝酸盐及硅取代磷酸铝分子筛材料活性位点的含量和分布提供了新思路.