河南省农村留守女童的积极发展、学校适应与成长困境调查分析

An Investigation and Analysis of the Positive Development,School Adaptation and Growth Predicament of the Left-behind Girls in Rural Areas of Henan Province

为探讨河南省农村留守女童积极发展、学校适应与成长困境,采用一般情况调查问卷、中国积极青少年发展品格量表、中国积极青少年发展能力量表,对河南省4个乡镇7所学校3—7年级630位儿童进行问卷调查。以381名留守儿童(男生209人,女生172人)为分析对象。调查结果显示:1.留守儿童与非留守儿童在友爱善良、有志进取、诚信自律、乐观坚毅等中华民族传统的优秀品格方面没有显著的差异;2.留守女童品格(有志进取、诚信自律、乐观坚毅)得分高于留守男童;学校适应能力(社会情绪与生活适应能力)得分高于留守男童;女生的整体积极发展水平相比男生要好;3.假期女童比男童承担的家务和农田劳动高出10.8个百分点。关注培养农村留守儿童积极发展和学校适应能力,在教育和培养过程中,要突破传统性别角色界限,倡导家庭性别平等并惠及女童,关注留守男童的积极发展,不断提升他们的积极发展能力。

To explore the positive development,school adaptation and growth predicament of left-behind girls in rural Henan Province,it adopts the Methods A general survey questionnaire,China Active Adolescent Development-Character Scale,and China Active Adolescent Development-Ability Scale to conduct a questionnaire survey of 630 children in grades 3-7 from 7 schools in 4 townships in Henan Province.It takes 381 left-behind children(209 boys and 172 girls)as the analysis object.The survey shows the following results:1.Comparing with non-left-behind children,the left-behind children demonstrates no difference in the traditional Chinese characters including friendship,kindness,enterprising,honesty,self-discipline,optimism and perseverance;2.Left-behind girls scored higher in the traditional Chinese characters and the school adaptability(i.e.social mood and life adaptability)than those left-behind boys.The overall level of positive development of girls is better than that of boys;3.The housework and farmland work Girls taken by girls is higher than that taken by boys during holidays by 10.8 percentage points.Conclusion Focus on cultivating the positive development and school adaptability of left-behind children in rural areas.In the process of education and training,it is necessary to break through the boundaries of traditional gender roles,advocate gender equality in the family and benefit girls,pay attention to the positive development of left-behind boys,and continuously improve their positive development capabilities.