陕西岐山县孔头沟遗址西周墓葬M10的发掘

Excavation of Western Zhou Tomb No.10 at the Kongtougou Site in Qishan County, Shaanxi

孔头沟遗址M10为一座西周晚期偏早的双墓道大墓。该墓虽遭盗扰,但仍出土铜器、玉石器、骨角器、蚌贝器等随葬品近800件(组),尤以各类车马器最为丰富,其中车轮与铜牌形韅饰的数量为已知西周墓葬之最。该墓主人为男性,属非姬姓西土族群高级贵族,可能为孔头沟西周采邑的一代采邑主。

A large Western Zhou cemetery at the Kongtougou site in Qishan discovered by the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University from 2006-2008 uncovered 22 tombs and three horse pits. Amongst them, tomb No.10, dating to the early phase of the late Western Zhou, is a large-scale tomb with two passageways. Although it was looted, as many as 800 pieces(sets) of artifacts were retrieved, including objects made of bronze, stone/jade, bone, antler, shell, and lacquered wood. Especially numerous were various chariot and horse accoutrements. This tomb boasts more chariot wheels and bronze horse harness ornaments than any other Western Zhou tomb found heretofore. The tomb occupant, who is male, was a non-Ji clan high-ranking nobleman from the western territories, and thus was likely the vassal of the fief at Kongtougou during the Western Zhou.