对儒家“内圣外王”的追问

Make a Detailed Inquiry of the Confucian“Inner Sage and Outer King”

"内圣外王"首见于《庄子》,乃是经过从孔子开始的历代儒者所构建而成的儒家所传之道。道家圣人与儒家圣人在内圣方面由于思想的根本出发点以及运思理路不一致,其内圣之道各有其特色也难分轩轾;而在外王方面,儒家圣人更为积极主动地关注现实政治和社会民生,其外王之道更加丰富和壮大。儒家的"内圣"与"外王"以"身"为坐标,用力方向有别,一个向内,一个向外,但二者实际上是一体的,统一在圣人这一理想人格上。立足当代视域可以看出,儒家的"内圣外王"包含历史合理性和现实生命力,构成我们今天对中华优秀传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展的宝贵思想资源,同时亦有历史的局限性。

The thought of"inner sage and outer king"was put forward by Zhuangzi,but after the construction of Confucians from Confucius,it became the way of Confucianism.Taoist sages and Confucian sages are inconsistent in terms of internal sage due to the fundamental starting point of their thoughts and the way of thinking and reasoning,and the ways of their internal sages have their own characteristics and are inseparable.Regarding the outer kings,the Confucian sages are more proactively concerned with real politics and social life,the way of the king is richer and stronger.Confucian"inner sage"and"outer king"take"body"as the coordinate,the direction of the force is different,one is inward and the other is outward,but the two are actual one,unified in the ideal personality of the saint,unified on the ideal personality of a saint.Based on the modern perspective,Confucian"inner sage and outer king"contains historical rationality and realistic vitality,and constitutes our valuable thought resources for the creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent traditional Chinese culture today,it also has historical limitations.