新疆冬小麦品种资源萌发期耐旱性鉴定与筛选

Identification and Screening of Drought Tolerance in Winter Wheat Cultivars in Xinjiang during Germination Period

【目的】研究新疆冬小麦品种资源萌发期耐旱性鉴定与筛选,为选育抗旱性强的冬小麦品种提供种质依据。【方法】以新疆地方134个冬小麦品种和54个育成品种为材料,利用PEG-6000模拟干旱鉴定材料的萌发期耐旱性。【结果】地方品种的芽长、根长、芽鲜重、根鲜重和根冠比受旱胁迫影响程度大于育成品种,除个别指标间无相关性外,多数指标间均存在较大的相关性,确定4个独立的主成分作为耐旱性鉴定综合指标,材料分为5个耐旱性级别,134个地方品种中有7个高耐品种,54个育成品种中有3个高耐品种、18个耐旱品种,3个高耐品种均为伊犁地区选育的品种;18个耐旱品种中包括北疆地区的主栽品种新冬18号和南疆喀什地区的主栽品种新冬20号。【结论】筛选出10份强抗旱的新疆冬小麦品种。

【Objective】Drought is the most important factor to reduce crop yield.Breeding varieties with strong drought resistance is an effective way to resist drought and ensure yield.Drought in wheat germination will lead to a large area of seedling shortage,which directly affects the stable development of wheat production.It is a direct and effective method to identify and select varieties with strong drought resistance in germination period from winter wheat variety resources in Xinjiang.【Method】Based on 134 local winter wheat varieties and 54 cultivated varieties in Xinjiang,drought tolerance during germination was simulated by PEG-6000.【Result】The results showed that bud length,root length,bud fresh weight,root fresh weight and root-to-crown ratio of local varieties were more affected by drought stress than those of bred varieties.Except that there was no correlation among individual indicators,there was a large correlation among most indicators.Four independent principal components were identified by principal component analysis as comprehensive indexes for drought tolerance identification.All materials were classified into 5 drought tolerance grades using comprehensive evaluation values,7 high drought tolerance varieties were out of 134 local varieties,3 high drought tolerance varieties were out of 54 cultivated varieties.All 18 drought-tolerant and 3 high-tolerant varieties were selected from Yili area.Among the 18 drought-tolerant varieties,Xindong 18 was the main cultivar in northern Xinjiang and Xindong 20 was the main cultivar in Kashi area of southern Xinjiang.【Conclusion】Through comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance,10 varieties of Xinjiang winter wheat with strong drought resistance are selected.