“中国海洋安全的现状与前景展望”笔谈

Writing Comment on the Current Situation and Prospect of China′s Maritime Security

在中国的和平发展进程中,中美两国间的战略竞争是必然的产物,但中美战略竞争主要在海空竞技场、能力和利益的非对称、博弈环境的透明化、战略文化差异和科技发展的不确定性等方面具有特殊性。中美在安全领域的竞争场域之一为南海区域的南海问题,美国不仅改变了先前针对南海问题的中立政策,已由有限介入转为积极介入甚至干预,并采用多种手段包括政治外交、安全机制等予以遏制,南海问题呈现国际化、军事化、集团化和规则化、法律化等特点。为维护中国海洋权益包括南海权益,我国通过正常立法程序,制定和实施了《中华人民共和国海警法》,以规范涉外维权执法机构中国海警局的职权,确保国家的海洋主权、安全和发展利益。

In the course of China′s peaceful development,the strategic competition between China and the USA is an inevitable product,and mainly has particularities in such aspects as asymmetry in the competition areas of sea and air,capabilities and interests,transparency in the gaming environment,difference in strategic culture,and uncertainty in scientific development.One of the areas of competition between China and the USA in the field of security is issues over the South China Sea.The USA has not only changed its previous neutral policy on issues over the South China Sea from limited involvement to proactive one,even intervention by adopting a variety of means,including politics,diplomacy and security mechanisms,to impose containment,and thus issues over the South China Sea show characteristics of being international and militarized,involving blocs,changing into rulerelated and legal issues.In order to maintain its maritime rights including those in the South China Sea,China has formulated and implemented Coast Guard Law through regular legislative procedures to regulate the functions and powers of the foreign-related right protection and law enforcement agency,i.e.China Coast Guard,to ensure national sovereignty over the sea,maritime security and development interests.