社会资本会缓解进城农民工的相对贫困吗?--基于自我效能感的中介检验

Will Social Capital Alleviate the Relative Poverty of Migrant Workers in Cities?A Mediation Test Based on Self-efficacy

2020年全面建成小康社会后,我国绝对贫困问题已彻底得到解决,贫困治理重心转向相对贫困。进城农民工受城乡二元结构及其他因素制约,过去一直处于贫困治理的真空地带,现已成为城市相对贫困的主要群体。缓解农民工相对贫困现状不仅能预防返贫,进一步巩固脱贫攻坚成果,还对未来扶贫长效机制的建立具有重要意义。而社会资本作为继传统实物资本之后的又一重要减贫因素,其对农民工相对贫困是否具有缓解作用值得探究。因此,本文运用2018年CFPS数据构建农民工相对贫困指标体系,采用2SLS和IVProbit模型分析社会资本对农民工相对贫困的影响,并使用Bootstrap法中介效应检验其作用机制。研究发现:社会资本对农民工相对贫困有显著的负向影响,社会资本水平每提高1%,农民工相对贫困程度降低0.48%,相对贫困的概率降低17.8%。从异质性分析来看,社会信任对缓解农民工相对贫困程度作用最大,社会声望能最大程度降低农民工相对贫困的概率;社会资本减贫呈现出明显的群体差异性,对老一代、非建筑业、女性以及已婚农民工的减贫作用更大。从作用机制检验来看,社会资本可以通过提升农民工的自我效能感来缓解其相对贫困,其部分中介效应大小为11.7%。因此,应注重农民工社会资本的提升,通过心理援助等方式提高其自我效能感,增强减贫信心,从而促进农民工相对贫困的长效治理。

Based on the 2018 CFPS data to construct a relative poverty indicator system for migrant workers,this paper uses the 2SLS and IVProbit models to analyze the impact of social capital on the relative poverty of migrant workers,and Bootstrap method is used to mediation test its mechanism.The study found that social capital has a significant negative impact on the relative poverty of migrant workers.For every 1%increase in the level of social capital,the relative poverty of migrant workers decreases by 0.48%,and the probability of relative poverty decreases by 17.8%.From the perspective of heterogeneity analysis,social trust has the greatest effect on alleviating the relative poverty of migrant workers,and social prestige can minimize the probability of relative poverty;Social capital poverty reduction shows obvious group differences,and it has a greater effect for the older generation,non-construction,female,and married migrant workers.From the test of the mechanism,social capital can alleviate the relative poverty of migrant workers by improving their self-efficacy,and its partial mediation effect is 11.7%.Therefore,attention should be paid to the improvement of migrant workers’social capital and their sense of self-efficacy should be improved through psychological assistance,so as to promote long-term governance of the relative poverty of migrant workers.