重庆市采供血机构献血前血液检测的现状分析

Analysis on pre-donation blood testing in blood services in Chongqing

目的通过了解重庆市采供血机构开展献血前血液检测的相关情况以及比较各采供血机构间的差异,为献血前血液检测同质化的实施提供数据参考。方法制定问卷调查表,调查表内容包括献血前血液检测项目的基本情况、血液检测的质量控制、血液检测不合格的献血者管理等3个方面的内容。调查表由重庆市输血协会通过电子邮件方式发表至全市19个采供血机构,然后对收集数据进行汇集、整理、修正和分析并形成报告。结果共收到19个采供血机构(含1个血液中心,1个血液中心分中心,6个中心血站和11个中心血库)返回的调查问卷。19个采供血机构献血前血液检测项目符合《献血者健康检查要求》,19个开展Hb、血型、ALT、HBsAg检测,15个开展抗-TP检测,11个开展血清乳糜检测,各项目的检测方法和试剂不同;定量检测项目开展室内质控的频次与规则差异较大;献血前血液检测不合格献血者延期时间和再招募策略存在较大差异。结论重庆地区各采供血机构献血前血液检测管理和检测后的献血者管理均存在差异,需进一步规范和统一,以逐步实现区域同质化,切实保障献血者安全和血液安全。

Objective To provide data reference for the implementation of the homogenization of pre-donation blood testing by investigating the relevant situation of pre-donation blood testing in various blood services in Chongqing and analyzing their differences.Methods A questionnaire covering the basic information of pre-donation blood testing items,quality control and the management of deferral donors was developed,and issued to 19 blood services in Chongqing through E-mails by Chongqing Society of Blood Transfusion.The data collected were sorted,revised and analyzed.Results A total of 19 questionnaires from 19 blood services(including 1 blood center,1 sub-center,6 central blood stations and 11 central blood banks)were collected.All of the pre-donation blood test items of 19 blood services met the Blood Donor Health Test Requirements.Hemoglobin,blood group,ALT and HBsAg testing were carried out by 19 blood services,anti-TP testing by 15,and lipid blood testing by 11,using different detection methods and reagents.Significant differences were found in the frequency and rules of internal quality control for quantitative testing items.In addition,the deferral time and re-recruitment strategy of deferral blood donors were also significantly different.Conclusion There were differences in the management of pre-donation blood testing and blood donor management after blood donation among blood services in Chongqing.Further standardization was needed to realize regional homogenization and guarantee blood safety and the safety of blood donors.