海洋渔户转产转业的影响因素研究——基于山东省5个地级市的渔户调查数据

A Research on Influential Factors of Marine Fishermen’s Occupation Transfer Based on Survey Data of Marine Fishermen in Five Counties in Shandong Province

渔户转产转业是渔民追求美好生活的重要途径,也是海洋渔业高质量发展的必然要求。基于山东省5个地级市356份渔户调查数据,运用双变量Probit模型分析海洋渔户转产转业意愿和行为的影响因素,测算相关因素影响渔户转产转业意愿和行为的边际效应,揭示了渔户转产转业的驱动机制。结果表明,渔户转产转业的意愿和行为之间呈高度正相关关系,渔户转产转业受户主特征、家庭特征、村庄特征、宏观经济环境和政策变量等因素的显著影响。总体上看,户主参加技能培训、家庭社会网络、便捷的交通及良好的宏观经济环境均有助于提高渔户转产转业意愿和行为的概率。渔户从事捕捞的年代越长,渔户转产转业的概率越低;第二、第三产业占比和转产转业补贴越高,渔户转产转业的意愿越强。渔村兴办企业是推动渔户转产转业的重要方向之一。因此,推动渔户转产转业,需要政府从政策、资金及舆论引导等方面对其予以支持。

Fishermen’s occupation transfer is an important way for their pursuit of a better life.It is a requirement for the high-quality development of marine fisheries.Based on survey data from 356 marine fishermen in five prefecture-level cities of Shandong Province,this article used a bivariate probit model to analyze the determinants that influence the willingness and decision-making behavior of marine fishermen’s occupation transfer.It also estimates the marginal effects of determinants and reveals the driving mechanism of marine fishermen’s occupation transfer.The results show that there is a high positive correlation between the willingness and behavior of marine fishermen’s occupation transfer.And marine fishermen’s occupation transfer is significantly affected by the head of the household,family characteristics,village characteristics,the macroeconomic environment and policy variables.On the whole,the participation of the head of household in skill training,family’s social network,convenient transportation and a good macroeconomic environment all contribute to the increase of the probability of the willingness and behavior of marine fishermen’s occupation transfer.The longer their fishing time is,the lower the probability of their occupation transfer.The higher the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries and the higher the transfer subsidy,the stronger they show willingness for occupation transfer.The establishment of enterprises in fishing villages is an important channel to promote marine fishermen’s occupation transfer.Therefore,in order to smoothly promote marine fishermen’s occupation transfer,the government needs to support them in terms of policies,funds,and public opinion guidance.