番茄秸秆原位还田配施腐解菌剂对番茄生产的影响

Effects of tomato straw returning to the field with decomposing microbial inoculant on tomato production

为探索茄果类蔬菜秸秆废弃物肥料化利用途径,于2019年设定番茄秸秆全量原位还田及腐解菌剂的配施试验:C,无番茄秸秆+无腐解菌剂;T1,番茄秸秆+无腐解菌剂;T2,番茄秸秆+菌剂1‘源动力’(1 kg·666.7m^(-2));T3,番茄秸秆+菌剂2‘有纯’(3 kg·666.7m^(-2));T4,番茄秸秆+菌剂3‘沃宝’(2 kg·666.7m^(-2)),分析其对土壤特性和下茬番茄长势和产量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,番茄秸秆原位还田降低土壤pH,显著增加土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量(P<0.05),其中成熟期T2处理有机质含量分别比T1、T3、T4和C显著高7.3%、8.1%、14.2%和26.9%;番茄秸秆腐熟后T2处理速效磷含量分别比C、T1、T3、T4处理高24%、11.3%、4.4%和8.7%。番茄秸秆还田+腐解菌剂显著提高细菌和放线菌数量,其中放线菌数量远高于细菌和真菌数量。番茄秸秆还田对番茄的生长势和产量影响显著,增产的主要原因是番茄秸秆还田提高了单株坐果数,其中菌剂‘源动力’的增产效果优于‘有纯’和‘沃宝’。分析产量及其构成性状与土壤环境因子间的关联性发现,土壤有机质含量、速效磷含量、放线菌数量与单株坐果数和单株产量间呈正相关关系,其中有机质与单株坐果数的相关性(R^(2)=0.75),高于其与单株产量间的相关性(R^(2)=0.31)。以上结果表明,番茄秸秆原位还田配施腐解菌剂改善了土壤微生物数量比例,增加了土壤速效养分和有机质含量,通过改善土壤特性促进番茄植株的生长,使单株坐果数增加而提高产量。

To expand the utilization of vegetable straw wastes,this experiment explored the effects of tomato straw returning to the field with decomposing microbial inoculant on soil characteristics and tomato yield in 2019.The treatments included C of no straw returning with no decomposing agent,T1 of straw returning,T2 of straw returning with decomposing agent of‘Yuandongli’,T3 of straw returning with decomposing agent of‘Youchun’,and T4 of straw returning with decomposing agent of‘Wobao’.The results showed that,ascompared the control with the treatment groups,soil pH reduced,concentrations of soil organic matter,available P and K increased.During the fruit mature period,the content of soil organic matter under T2 treatment was significantly higher than those under T1(7.3%),T3(8.1%),T4(14.2%)and Control(26.9%).After decomposition,the content of available P under T2 was higher than that of Control(24%),T1(11.3%),T3(4.4%)and T4(8.7%),respectively.The numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes significantly increased with tomato straw returning to the field with decomposing microbial inoculant,in which the proportion of actinomycetes were higher than that of bacteria and fungi.The growth and yield of tomato were significantly enhanced by straw returning to the field with decomposing microbial inoculant.The main reason for increased tomatoes yield was the enhanced numbers of fruit set per plant.The effect of‘Yuandongli’on yield was better than that of‘Youchun’and‘Wobao’.Effects of environmental factors on yield and yield components based on redundancy analysis showed that soil organic matter content,available phosphorus,actinomycetes number were positively correlated with fruit number per plant and yield per plant,and the correlation between organic matter and fruit number per plant was higher than that between organic matter and yield per plant.These results suggested that tomato straw returning to the field with decomposing microbial inoculant regulate the number of microorganisms,increase organic matter and soil nutrients,that in turn improve the fruit number per plant and yield.