沂蒙山区域山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复工程规划实践

Planning and Practice of Integrated Protection and Restoration Project of Mountain River Forest Farmland Lake and Grass in Yimengshan Mountain Area

山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复是解决生态环境问题的重要途径,也是推进生态文明建设的必然要求。本研究在系统调查沂蒙山区域自然生态各个要素基础上,识别出生境破损,水生态系统质量下降,森林生态服务功能退化等三大区域生态安全问题和十项区域生态环境问题,构建了“三山三水”的生态保护修复格局,划分了沂山—沂河水生态、蒙山—汶河林草和基础环境、尼山—祊河基础环境和水生态保护3个主体修复区,规划了基础环境类、土地整治类、林草保护修复类、水生态保护修复类、污染防治类和监测监管预警类等6大类工程措施。工程实施将提升区域生态系统质量和服务功能,也将为类似区域山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程规划提供参考。

The integrated protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasses is not only an important way to solve ecological environment problems,but also an inevitable requirement to promote the construction of ecological civilization.Based on systematic investigation of various elements of natural ecology in Yimengshan mountain area,three regional ecological security problems,such as the damage of eclolgical environment,the decline of water ecosystem quality and the degradation of forest ecological service function,and ten regional ecological environment problems have been identified,ecological protection and restoration pattern of"three mountains and three rivers"has been constructed,and three main restoration areas,such as Yishan—Yihe river Water ecological protection area,Mengshan—Wenhe river forest grass basic environment area and Nishan—Yihe river basic environment and water ecological protection area have been divided,and six engineering countermeasures have been planned,including basic environment,land remediation,forest and grass protection and restoration,water ecological protection and restoration,pollution prevention and control,monitoring,supervision and early warning.The implementation of the project will improve the quality and service function of regional ecosystem,and provide some references for the planning of ecological protection and restoration projects of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasses in similar regions.