波浪中油船水下破舱原油泄漏的力学行为研究

Behavior of Crude Oil Leakage from Underwater Damaged Hole of Oil Tank in Waves

基于粘性流体动力学、多相流模型和自由表面运动处理技术(VOF法),建立波浪中矩形液舱油品泄漏的数值计算模型。首先建立静水中静止液舱的二维油品泄漏数值模型,并将计算结果与实验结果进行比较以验证该方法的有效性;其次,基于ANSYS软件包含的CFD模块FLUENT,通过自定义函数(UDF)程序,采用速度入口造波法,建立具有造波、消波功能的三维数值波浪水池(NWT);最后建立波浪作用下矩形液舱三维原油泄漏数值模型。数值分析波高和波长对泄漏的影响,结果表明:波高越大泄漏速度及泄漏量越大;不同波长作用情况下,垂荡运动越激烈,底部破孔的油舱泄漏速度及泄漏量越大。通过对比迎浪工况下和随浪工况下破孔处的质量流量和舱内剩余油量,发现迎浪工况漏油更多。

A numerical model for simulation of crude oil leakage from a damaged tank in waves was established based on viscous fluid dynamics, multi-phase flow model and free surface capturing method—volume of fluid(VOF) method. Firstly, two-dimensional oil leakage from a tank in calm water was simulated for verification of the numerical model, and the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Then a three-dimensional numerical wave tank(NWT) with wave-making and wave-absorbing function was constructed with velocity inlet wave-making method through user defined function(UDF) programs based on CFD method. Finally, the oil leakage from a damaged tank in waves was modelled using a three-dimensional numerical method. The influence of wave height and wavelength on leakage was numerically analyzed, and it is found that the leakage and leakage rate of oil tank with bottom hole increase with the increase of the wave height. Meanwhile, the more intense the heave is,the greater the leakage rate and leakage are under different wavelengths. The leakage rate and the residual oil volume in the tank were calculated for the damaged hole facing and following the incident waves respectively.The results show that the damaged hole facing the incident wave results in more leakage.