中国互助型社会养老的定位及发展方向

Orientation and Development of Mutual-aid Elderly Service in China

互助型社会养老是社会养老的一种方式,也是实现中国特色社会化和低成本养老、推动老年人有序参与社会发展的重要途径,是中国社会养老体系中的基础而非辅助部分。互助型社会养老是非营利性的,资金、服务、运营主体和组织形式都相对多元。其组织建设的发展方向是不断提高各类基层组织的规范化、合作化程度以及可持续运转能力,从互助组织有序管理、专业社会组织赋能、市场经营逐步走向规范多样的各类现代互助合作社的经营;体系建设的发展方向是分阶段推动建立市县、省、国家级的互助养老服务保障体系、互助养老组织体系、时间银行体系以及其他各类互助合作养老方式,并进一步向中国特色互助合作的社会部门过渡和发展。目前我国互助型社会养老发展仍然处于起步阶段,需要重点解决好社会观念、法律法规、资金支持、互助组织体系建设等关键问题。

Mutual-aid elderly service is a way of social service for old people in China,which is also an important way to provide low-cost elderly service and promote the elderly social participation.It is the fundamental rather than auxiliary part in Chinese elderly social service system.Mutual-aid elderly service is not designed for profit,and the funds,operators,organizational forms and services are relatively diversified.The direction of organization construction is to continuously improve the formation,standardization of mutual-aid organizations,through orderly management,professional guidance,market running,to build modern cooperatives;and the direction of system construction is to build service system,organization system and other cooperative models by stages.At present,the development of mutual-aid elderly services in China is still in its initial stage,which needs to focus on solving key problems such as social concepts,laws and regulations,financial supports and organization system constructions.