中国文体四分法先驱:论晁德蒞译介中国散文与文体风格

Pioneer of the Four-Category Classification of Chinese Genres:The Style of A.Zottoli’s Translation of Chinese Prose

晚清上海徐家汇天主教神父晁德蒞编译的拉丁文5卷本《中国文化教程》是一部供来华传教士学习中文与中国文化的课本,也是一套中国古代经典的文选和中国传统文化的百科全书,对当时来华传教士和欧洲汉学界均产生了影响。该书第四卷是20世纪前中国散文最大规模的西译,译者集中翻译中国散文得益于他对中国文体的精准把握和创造性认知。晁氏结合西方文类学,将中国文体大体划分为包括经典圣书在内的5大类,是现代学术中国文体四分法的先驱,亦为西方文类三分法提供了有益参照。一般认为,中国文体四分法晚至民国时期才由中国学人讨论确定,但是晁氏的著述将这一探讨提早至晚清。他的成果对中国文体学、文学史,以及中西文化交流等领域具有重要意义。

In Shanghai in the late Qing dynasty,Fr.A.Zottoli,a Catholic missionary,published his 5 volumes of Cursus Litteraturae Sinicae,a Latin textbook of Chinese language and culture for the western missionaries as newcomers to China.With its influence on the missionaries and western Sinology,the 4^(th) vol.from this set of books,based on Zottoli’s accurate knowledge and creative learning of Chinese genres,includes the most extensive western translation of Chinese essays before 20^(th) century.With reference to the western genres,he classified the Chinese literature into 5 genres including Classics,which is the pioneer of the modern four-category classification of Chinese genres.Generally,Chinese scholars created this kind of classification as late as early 20^(th) century,however,Zottoli’s works will make the time to be advanced decades earlier,which represents his works’significance in the fields of Chinese stylistics,the history of Chinese literature,and Sino-Western cultural exchanges.