高蛋白大豆新品种菏豆38播期与密度优化

Optimization of Sowing Date and Density of A New High-protein Soybean Variety Hedou 38

为充分发挥高蛋白大豆新品种菏豆38的增产潜力,设置3个播期和3个密度处理,通过调查不同播期和密度对大豆农艺性状、干物质积累、产量及产量构成因子的影响,筛选菏豆38的适宜播期和密度。结果表明,随密度增大,株高、底荚高度、主茎节数均增大,有效分枝、各器官干重、植株总干重、单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重均减小。随播期延长,株高、底荚高度、主茎节数、有效分枝、根干重、茎干重均减小,单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重先升后降。播期对大豆产量的影响要大于密度对产量的影响。大豆产量随密度增大和播期延长均先升后降。菏豆38在山东省德州市适宜播期为6月15日,最佳密度为19.5万株·hm^(-2),此时大豆产量最高,为3789.21 kg·hm^(-2)。

In order to explore the high yield potential of Hedou 38,in this study,three sowing dates and three densities were set to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and densities on agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation,yield and composition factors of soybean,and the suitable sowing date and density of Hedou 38 were screened.The results showed that with the increase of plant density,the plant height,bottom pod height and main stem nodes number increased,while the effective branches,the dry weight of organs,the total dry weight of plants,the number of pods per plant,the number of grains per plant,the weight of grains per plant and the 100-seed weight all decreased.With the extension of sowing date,plant height,bottom pod height,main stem node number,effective branching,root dry weight and stem dry weight all decreased,and the number of pods per plant,the number of grains per plant,the weight of grains per plant and the weight of 100 grains increased first and then decreased.The effect of sowing date on soybean yield was greater than that of density.The yield of soybean increased first and then decreased with increasing density and prolonging sowing date.When the suitable sowing date of Hetou 38 in Dezhou City,Shandong Province was June 15 and the optimum density was 195000 plants·ha^(-1),the yield of soybean was the highest,3789.21 kg·ha^(-1).